Imperfection and burial-depth sensitivity of the initiation and development of kink folds in laminated rocks

Kampfer, G.; Leroy, Yves M.

doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2009.04.006

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Once the kink is locked, further growth is obtained by widening of the kink band and kink band propagation (Wadee et al, 2004;Kampfer and Leroy, 2009).…”

Section: Kink Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a sedimentary basin under tectonic compression, we can interpret the confining stress as the overburden stress; so, we would expect thrust faults to form at shallow depths and kink bands to form deeper, with an intermediate level at which there is interaction between thrusts and kink bands. This simple situation becomes more complicated if the maximum compressive stress is not parallel to the bedding as competition arises between thrust initiation and activation of bed-parallel slip (Kampfer and Leroy, 2009). …”

Section: Conditions Of Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, there is up to 10% layer-parallel shortening in the rocks exposed at the surface (Nickelsen, 1966;Engelder and Engelder, 1977;Geiser and Engelder, 1983), so there is no difficulty in reconciling the shortening above and below the Tully Limestone. The preponderance of thrusts above the Tully Limestone, and of kink bands below may be due to the effect of the overburden stress: kink bands are favored by high overburden stress (Anderson, 1974, Kampfer andLeroy 2009).…”

Section: Vertical Strain Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hierarchical kink band development in the Appalachian Plateau decollement sheet

Gillespie¹,

Hagen²,

Wessels³

et al. 2015

Bulletin

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A B S T R A C TDuring the Alleghenian Orogeny, Upper Silurian-Pennsylvanian sediments were deformed by occasional gently dipping planar forethrusts and abundant, large, steeply dipping kink bands that extend down to the Silurian Syracuse Salt decollement. As the internal bedding dip within the kink bands is frequently steep, kink bands are poorly imaged in seismic reflection data. Therefore, they can have the appearance of steep reverse faults; however, geosteering data indicate that where these structures intersect the wellbore, they are folds, not faults. Kink bands occur on a range of scales, and their upward extent is controlled by a series of detachment levels, including at the organic-rich Marcellus and Geneseo Shales; a hierarchy of kink bands is therefore recognized. The detachment levels were sites of kink band reflection, resulting in upward converging pairs of kink bands that formed pop-down structures that protruded into the underlying salt.The dips of the thrusts and kink bands calculated from seismic interpretation fit well with theoretical models and published empirical descriptions: reverse structures dipping at less than 45°a re thrusts, those with dip angles over 45°are kink bands. Areas of thick, primary salt are dominated by large anticlines, with their hinterlandward flanks defined by kink bands that extend to the present-day topographic surface. The structures may have initiated as sinusoidal folds, which became increasingly asymmetrical as they developed.The recognition of this style of deformation can improve the accuracy of horizontal well placement and has implications for reservoir permeability and integrity.

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“…Once the kink is locked, further growth is obtained by widening of the kink band and kink band propagation (Wadee et al, 2004;Kampfer and Leroy, 2009).…”

Section: Kink Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conditions Of Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vertical Strain Homogeneitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Hierarchical kink band development in the Appalachian Plateau decollement sheet

Gillespie¹,

Hagen²,

Wessels³

et al. 2015

Bulletin

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show abstract

“…Faults are introduced explicitly and most of the calculations remain analytical without the need for numerical interpolation. The new idea of this contribution, compared with Maillot & Leroy (2006) and Kampfer & Leroy (2009), is to show that any geometrical construction of folding could become mechanically balanced in the sense that mechanical equilibrium and material strength are accounted for. The now classical example of the FPF is considered for that purpose.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The competition between folding and faulting in the upper crust based on the maximum strength theorem

Kampfer

Leroy

2012

Proc. R. Soc. A.

Self Cite

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It is proposed to complement the numerous geometrical constructions of fault-related folds relevant to fold-and-thrust belts by the introduction of mechanical equilibrium and of the rock limited strength to discriminate between various deformation scenarios. The theory used to support this statement is the maximum strength theorem that is related to the kinematic approach of limit analysis known in soil mechanics. The classical geometrical construction of the fault-propagation fold (FPF) is proposed for illustration of our claim. The FPF is composed of a kink fold with migrating axial surfaces ahead of the region where the ramp propagates. These surfaces are assigned frictional properties and their friction angle is found to be small compared with the usual bulk friction angle to ensure the full development of the FPF, a first scenario. For larger values of the axial surface friction angle, this development during overall shortening is arrested by the onset of fault breaking through the front limb, a second scenario. The amount of shortening at the transition from folding to break-through faulting is established.

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“…Modelling experiments conducted by Kampfer and Leroy (2009) (Merle, 1998). Structural style transition with depth in thrust domains is observed in case studies from the eastern Orobic Alps of Northern Italy (Carminati et al, 1997).…”

Section: Review Of Geometry Of Thrust Fault Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-Permian basement and lithological controls on the development of the Jellinbah Thrust Belt: Insight from a new palinspastic reconstruction

Haisley¹

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This project attempts to interpret the structural architecture within the system in this part of the Bowen Basin using a palinspastic restoration (essentially restoring the stratigraphy to its pre-deformed state) in order to establish the magnitude of faulting that has taken place within the Jellinbah Thrust Belt. By estimating the major thrust fault movements, we can understand how the basement and stratigraphy influenced the mechanics of the fault system. The morphology of the Carboniferous metasediments and igneous units that form the basement in the Jellinbah Thrust Belt appear to have had an impact on the localisation of strain.Seismic data from the 2007 Dingonose acquisition (07-DNG-01, 07-DNG-02 and 07-DNG-08) were depth converted using velocity picks in SKUA TM software. Well data were used to confirm the accuracy of the depth conversion and to estimate stratigraphic boundaries that were traced as horizon reflectors in the seismic data. The fault pattern was manually interpreted based on discontinuities in the 2D seismic. Due to the complexity of the faulting within the regions, conceptual models focussed on the large scale and easily discernible structures. In some instances intensive deformation resulting in a lack of homogeneity in the acoustic impedance or poor quality seismic data produced areas of increased uncertainty. Using the Move TM software allowed for manipulation of the interpretation andii various scenarios to be tested. It provided useful analytical tools and accurate empirical measurements to describe and quantify the kinematics of the Jellinbah Thrust Belt. Finally a kinematic reconstruction to restore displaced stratigraphic units to their position prior to faulting was performed in the software.The palinspastic interpretation suggests that the compressional phase of the HunterBowen Orogeny consisted of multiple shortening episodes that were, in some instances, syn-depositional. Inversion of earlier normal faults, slump structures possibly related to the rifting phase observed in the Denison Trough were interpreted near the base of the Basin.The amount of shortening and fault angle permitted the calculation of the burial depth of the late Permian coal measures, with an estimated depth, for the current stratigraphy, of 2.0 km to 2.4 km. Basement high features identified in section 07-DNG-01 act as obstructions to compression, focussing larger reverse displacements in this part of the fault system. Flattening of the basement high to the south-east resulted in less confinement of stresses on specific faults and a more even distribution of displacement within the fault system. Localised dextral transpressional strike-slip displacements incurring out-of section plane movements are also suggested to be a result of the basement morphology.

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Imperfection and burial-depth sensitivity of the initiation and development of kink folds in laminated rocks

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Hierarchical kink band development in the Appalachian Plateau decollement sheet

Hierarchical kink band development in the Appalachian Plateau decollement sheet

The competition between folding and faulting in the upper crust based on the maximum strength theorem

Pre-Permian basement and lithological controls on the development of the Jellinbah Thrust Belt: Insight from a new palinspastic reconstruction

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