Implant failure rate and the prevalence of associated risk factors: a 6-year retrospective observational survey

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this monocentric retrospective observational investigation is to evaluate the implant failure rate observed in an oral surgery department and analyze the risk factors associated with them. Preventative measures will be suggested to reduce the incidence of implant failure. Material and method: All implants removed between 2014 and 2020 were analyzed. The main criterion assessed was the overall failure rate over 6 years of activity;the secondary criteria were the risk factors associated with implant failure. Results: 12 out of 376 implants placed between 2014 and 2019 in 11 patients (mean age: 55.5 ±11.5 years);sex ratio M/F=5/6) were removed, for an overall failure rate of 3.11%. The majority, 83% (10/12) of the lost implants, were in the maxilla, while only 17% (2/12) were placed in the mandible. The main risk factors identified were: a III−IV bone type density (75%, 9/12), pre-implant sinus lift surgery (42%, 5/12) smoking (8.3%, 1/12), surgical site infection (8.3%, 1/12) and rheumatoid arthritis (8.3%, 1/12). Conclusion: The failure rate observed in this oral surgery unit is consistent with the other international studies, confirming the compliance with good clinical practices of the healthcare team. Pre-implant bone surgery is the major risk factor to consider before implant surgery.

Medical considerations in the ageing implant patient

“…3,4 Interestingly, studies have reported patients over the age of 60 to have a significantly higher risk of implant failure. 4 However, other studies have reported that it is the greater co-morbidities in older patients which are risk factors for implant failure and that dental implants can be successfully placed in older adults if such risks are taken into consideration. 5 There has been an increase in the prevalence of dental implant placement over time with the largest increase amongst those aged between 65 and 74 years of age.…”

“…Whilst they do not rely on preparing adjacent teeth like traditional fixed prosthodontics, osseointegration, and in turn implant success, does rely on favourable local and systemic factors. Causes of implant failure include iatrogenic damage (excessive heating of bone during preparation), local (low bone density, parafunction, peri‐implantitis) and systemic factors (radiotherapy, smoking) 3,4 . Interestingly, studies have reported patients over the age of 60 to have a significantly higher risk of implant failure 4 .…”

“…Causes of implant failure include iatrogenic damage (excessive heating of bone during preparation), local (low bone density, parafunction, peri‐implantitis) and systemic factors (radiotherapy, smoking) 3,4 . Interestingly, studies have reported patients over the age of 60 to have a significantly higher risk of implant failure 4 . However, other studies have reported that it is the greater co‐morbidities in older patients which are risk factors for implant failure and that dental implants can be successfully placed in older adults if such risks are taken into consideration 5 …”

Bioactive Salicylic Acid Containing Coating for Dental Implants to Combat Infection and Inflammation

“…[ 1 ] However, the failure rates of dental implants are reported to be around 3% after 10 years and increase to 25% after 20 years of implantation, and hence efforts to develop more successful implants are strongly desired. [ 2,3 ] Peri‐implant mucositis, which can progress to peri‐implantitis, constitutes one of the most common complications (91.4% of all diseased dental implants) [ 4 ] that affects the hard and soft tissue surrounding the implant and if left untreated, it leads to implant loss. [ 5,6 ]…”

“…[ 7 ] A compromised seal facilitates the entry of bacteria and microorganisms, diminishes good osseointegration, and contributes to implant failure through a complex host‐mediated inflammatory response, eventually leading to loss of osseointegration. [ 2,8 ] The attachment of keratinocytes to the implant is necessary for a tight seal between the implant and the soft tissue surrounding the implant. However, in the presence of blood, where fibrin clots and fibrinogen are present, the adhesion of keratinocytes is prevented or very weak.…”