Implant-forming polymeric 19F MRI-tracer with tunable dissolution

19F MRI Nanotheranostics for Cancer Management: Progress and Prospects

“…On this basis, multi‐stimulus‐responsive nanosystems have also been explored. Typically, pH and thermal dual‐responsive polymers containing high concentrations of fluorine atoms have been proposed as 19 F MRI observable and clinically transformable implants [125] . Thermo‐ and reactive oxygen species‐sensitive self‐assembled polymeric nanoparticles were modified for 19 F MRI‐mediated drug release in human fibrosarcoma (Figure 8a) [126]…”

Thermoresponsive properties of polyacrylamides in physiological solutions

“…Many hydrophilic polymers with a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) form homogeneous solutions below a threshold temperature (cloud point temperature, T CP or CPT), but they separate into two phases with high and low concentrations when heating above this T CP . 1 Numerous applications for such "smart polymers" have been proposed, across various fields, including switchable substrates for cell/tissue culture, [2][3][4][5] drug delivery systems, 6,7 in situ depot formation, controlled drug release (therapy/theranostics), [7][8][9][10][11] gene delivery/therapy, [12][13][14] tissue engeneering, 4,[15][16][17] wound dressing, 18,19 biosensors, 20 vaccines/immunotherapy, 21 and injectable brachytherapy, 22,23 among others. 24,25 Therefore, developing such applications requires understanding the properties of these polymers, particularly their T CP .…”

“…T CP depends on polymer molar mass (dispersity) 1,26-29 and concentration, 1,26,30 on solution pH 9,[31][32][33] and on the concentration and type of ions [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41] (due to the Hofmeister effect 34 ), proteins and other macromolecules 33,[42][43][44][45] in solution (due to the excluded volume/molecular crowding effect, 46 competition for solvent, or non-covalent protein-polymer interactions 47 ), among other factors. 1,27,48 Polymer tacticity 1,49 and terminal moiety (e.g., a chain transfer agent, CTA) 1,50,51 and even fairly subtle environmental changes, including changes in solution pH, 32,40,52 can also affect the T CP .…”

Self-Assembly, Drug Encapsulation, and Cellular Uptake of Block and Gradient Copolymers of 2-Methyl-2-oxazine and 2-n-Propyl/butyl-2-oxazoline

“…The properties of amphiphilic block copolymers to self-assemble into particles and for drug-carrying purposes have been extensively studied over the past 30 years. − Copolymers with suitable compositions self-assemble into nanoparticles capable of carrying hydrophobic drugs in vivo . These nanoparticles formed by block copolymers have a broad range of structures, including micelles, vesicles, raspberry structures, physically cross-linked nanogels, etc . − ,− Recently, block copolymers composed of PAOx and PAOzi have been explored for drug encapsulation and drug delivery applications. ,, Similar systems have also been recently studied and reported to be promising. − …”

“…19,23,24 Furthermore, their amphiphilic copolymers can form nanoparticles for drug delivery 25−27 and their hydrophilic copolymers are biocompatible and water soluble (thus forming the outer coating), 13 while their hydrophobic (or better yet thermoresponsive) 28−32 copolymers form inner particle cores that can be loaded with drugs. 13 Both of these particles can improve drug biodistribution, after which these polymers can be excreted from the body renally as unimers as long as the polymer chains remain under the renal threshold, which was determined to be approximately 40 (approximately 5 nm 33 ). 34,35 Therefore, these particles show good prospects for further studies.…”