Implant primary stability depending on protocol and insertion mode — an ex vivo study

Abstract

Background: Dental implant primary stability is thought to be a fundamental prerequisite for the long-term survival and success. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of protocol and insertion mode on dental implant stability ex vivo. One hundred and twenty implants were inserted either manually or machine-driven into porcine mandibles by a standard or over-dimensioned protocol. Dental implant stability was measured via resonance frequency analysis (RFA), insertion torque (IT), and torque out (TO). Results: Statistically significant higher IT and TO values were seen after standard protocol insertion (p < 0.05), whereas manual and machine-driven insertion mode showed equivalent values. Conclusions: The over-dimensioned protocol exceeded the primary stability values recommended for immediate implant insertion; therefore, it could be recommended as well.

Does the Modification of the Apical Geometry of a Dental Implant Affect Its Primary Stability? A Comparative Ex Vivo Study

“…Even if the primary stability of dental implants is controversially discussed as a decisive parameter for successful masticatory functional rehabilitation in the context of two-stage loading concepts and oversized drilling protocols are also employed, the development of alternative loading concepts (i.e., transgingival healing, immediate loading) showed the need as well as the importance of primary stability [ 27 ]. It has been repeatedly found in the literature that the final osteotomy position for the preparation of the implant bed should be determined by adapted drilling in order to achieve an individual and variable degree of bone compression [ 35 ].…”

“…As already published by our group [ 5 , 26 , 27 ], 15 mandibular bones of fresh porcine cadavers were purchased from a local butcher. According to the butcher, the animals showed no signs of pathological bone conditions.…”

“…For this purpose, the abutments were carefully removed, the corresponding transducers were mounted on the implants and the Ossell ® device was positioned at a distance of 3 mm from the transducer. The recorded frequencies ( n = 3 in vertical and in horizontal orientation per implant) were automatically converted into ISQ (implant stability coefficient) values in the range of 0–100 (minimum to maximum stability) [ 27 , 31 ]. Mean values were used for the statistical evaluations.…”

Additively manufactured medical bone screws: an initial study to investigate the impact of lattice-based Voronoi structure on implant primary stability

“…Indeed, primary stability plays a key role in allowing good osseointegration of the implant, thus indirectly determining the long-term outcome of a screw (Javed et al , 2013; Vollmer et al , 2020). According to the literature on osseointegrated devices, which mainly focuses on osseointegration in the oral field, primary stability depends on bone quality (Rues et al , 2021), screw geometrical features (Shah et al , 2012; Redžepagić-Vražalica et al , 2021) and insertion procedure (Staedt et al , 2020). LBV structure is a stochastic porous structure, which was shown to be extremely similar to the trabecular bone structure (Qin et al , 2013); its benefits in long-term osseointegration were demonstrated in Chen et al (2021) and Deering et al (2021).…”

Validation of an implant stability measurement device using the percussion response: a clinical research study

“…For instance, several devices have been developed to measure implant stability as an indicator of the success of implant treatment. The Osstell® device [ 4 ] allows the measurement of the implant stability quotient (ISQ) using the resonance frequency analysis (RFA) method, whereas the Periotest® device [ 5 ] uses the percussion method. More recently, the AnyCheck® device, which also relies on the percussion method, has been developed [ 6 ].…”