Implantable aptamer–field-effect transistor neuroprobes for in vivo neurotransmitter monitoring

Zhao, Chuanzhen; Cheung, Kevin M; Huang, Iwen; Yang, Hongyan; Nakatsuka, Nako; Liu, Wenfei; Cao, Yunning; Man, Tianxing; Weiss, Paul S.; Monbouquette, Harold G.; Andrews, Anne M.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj7422

Cited by 101 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…This corresponds to a noise standard deviation of fraction bound, roughly half the one shown in Figure 6b . Even for the demanding sensing requirements chosen for this example, we find that the kinetic parameters are within the expected range of typical antibodies 30,31 and that the noise requirement is tractable, based on the sensing performance of published biosensors 32–39 .This supports the idea that antibodies should be viable receptors for use in a real-time insulin sensor.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Pre-equilibrium biosensors: A new approach towards rapid and continuous molecular measurements

Maganzini

Thompson

Wilson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Almost all biosensors that use ligand-receptor binding operate under equilibrium conditions. However, at low ligand concentrations, the equilibration with the receptor (e.g., antibodies and aptamers) become slow and thus equilibrium-based biosensors are inherently limited in making measurements that are both rapid and sensitive. In this work, we provide a theoretical foundation for a novel method through which biosensors can quantitatively measure ligand concentration before reaching equilibrium. Rather than only measuring receptor binding at a single time-point, the pre-equilibrium approach leverages the receptor's kinetic response to instantaneously quantify the changing ligand concentration. Importantly, analyzing the biosensor output in the frequency domain, rather than in the time domain, we show the degree to which noise in the biosensor affects the accuracy of the pre-equilibrium approach. Through this analysis, we provide the conditions under which the signal-to-noise ratio of the biosensor can be maximized for a given target concentration range and rate of change. As a model, we apply our theoretical analysis to continuous insulin measurement and show that with a properly selected antibody, the pre-equilibrium approach could make the continuous tracking of physiological insulin fluctuations possible.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 62%

Pre-equilibrium biosensors: A new approach towards rapid and continuous molecular measurements

Maganzini

Thompson

Wilson

et al. 2022

Preprint

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show abstract

“…We have previously reported on the use of aptamer-FETs for highly sensitive and selective detection of small-molecule targets (e.g., glucose, serotonin, dopamine, and phenylalanine) in biofluids (27)(28)(29)(30). Aptamer-FET detection of serotonin was stable after exposure to brain tissue (28,31). Target-induced conformational rearrangements of negatively charged aptamer phosphodiester backbones produce FET surface charge perturbations and, consequently, measurable electronic signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable aptamer-field-effect transistor sensing system for noninvasive cortisol monitoring

et al. 2022

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Wearable technologies for personalized monitoring require sensors that track biomarkers often present at low levels. Cortisol-a key stress biomarker-is present in sweat at low nanomolar concentrations. Previous wearable sensing systems are limited to analytes in the micromolar-millimolar ranges. To overcome this and other limitations, we developed a flexible field-effect transistor (FET) biosensor array that exploits a previously unreported cortisol aptamer coupled to nanometer-thin-film In 2 O 3 FETs. Cortisol levels were determined via molecular recognition by aptamers where binding was transduced to electrical signals on FETs. The physiological relevance of cortisol as a stress biomarker was demonstrated by tracking salivary cortisol levels in participants in a Trier Social Stress Test and establishing correlations between cortisol in diurnal saliva and sweat samples. These correlations motivated the development and on-body validation of an aptamer-FET array-based smartwatch equipped with a custom, multichannel, self-referencing, and autonomous source measurement unit enabling seamless, real-time cortisol sweat sensing.

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“…Shifts in I D V G characteristics are caused by differences in charge carrier mobility originating from changes in the charge distribution at the channel-electrolyte interface. 51 The charge distribution is altered during binding events, for example of charged analytes such as proteins and due to structural changes in the negatively charged aptamer backbone upon analyte binding.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyclonal aptamer libraries as binding entities on a graphene FET based biosensor for the discrimination of apo- and holo-retinol binding protein 4

et al. 2022

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Implantable aptamer–field-effect transistor neuroprobes for in vivo neurotransmitter monitoring

Abstract: Implantable aptamer transistor probes for in vivo neurotransmitter monitoring advance brain activity recording.

Cited by 101 publications

References 82 publications

Pre-equilibrium biosensors: A new approach towards rapid and continuous molecular measurements

Pre-equilibrium biosensors: A new approach towards rapid and continuous molecular measurements

Wearable aptamer-field-effect transistor sensing system for noninvasive cortisol monitoring

Polyclonal aptamer libraries as binding entities on a graphene FET based biosensor for the discrimination of apo- and holo-retinol binding protein 4

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