Implantation of a programmable atrioventricular pacemaker in a donkey with complete atrioventricular block and syncope

Salmon, Y.; DiFruscia, Rocky

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02955.x

Cited by 29 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Heart murmurs and degenerative valvular disease are common in geriatric horses (Sage 2002, Ireland and others 2012), particularly affecting the aortic valve (Else and Holmes 1972a). There are individual case reports of pacemaker implantation in donkeys with third degree atrioventricular block (Pibarot and others 1993) and a published letter about cardiac myopathy in a donkey foal (Dyson and others 1975). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations

Roberts¹,

Dukes‐McEwan

2016

Veterinary Record

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The Donkey Sanctuary (DS) owns 3500-4000 donkeys, estimated to be about 35 per cent of the UK population. Although postmortem surveys suggest a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in donkeys, there is sparse clinical information about cardiovascular examination findings and echocardiographic findings in health and disease. In this cross-sectional study, auscultation findings were recorded, and in a subset of donkeys, echocardiography was used to screen for structural and functional cardiac disease. 202 donkeys were examined; 117 geldings and 85 females. Heart sounds S1 and S2 were detected in all donkeys, but none had audible S3. S4 was detected in nine (4.5 per cent; significantly older than those without S4; P<0.001). A heart murmur was detected in four donkeys. Echocardiography identified these to be due to a ventricular septal defect in one, and aortic regurgitation in three. An additional 43 donkeys had echocardiography. A further 10 donkeys were identified to have aortic insufficiency, but no other valvular regurgitation. 76/202 donkeys subsequently underwent postmortem examination. Three showed degenerative aortic valve changes. One donkey had nodular lesions in the intima of proximal aorta and sinus of Valsalva. Histopathology showed multifocal chronic nodular eosinophilic arteritis, consistent with verminous arteritis. The DS pathology database identified other similar cases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations

Roberts¹,

Dukes‐McEwan

2016

Veterinary Record

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“…Signs of thirddegree AV block include weakness, syncope episodes, and collapse [15]. Pacemakers have been successfully placed in donkeys with third-degree AV block [16,17].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Mendoza

Toribio

Pérez-Écija

2018

Journal of Equine Veterinary Science

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a b s t r a c tCardiovascular diseases are scarcely reported in donkeys, probably linked to their limited athletic attitude and low frequency of poor performance-related examinations. Reports on treatments for cardiovascular pathologies are anecdotal in donkeys. Respiratory tract anatomy shows important differences between horses and donkeys. Donkeys and mules can act as reservoirs spreading many viral, bacterial, and parasitic infectious respiratory diseases. Mosquito and tick-borne encephalitis have been reported in these species in the later years, and even donkeys are being used as sentinels in some areas to detect these emerging diseases. Management and treatment of lithiases can be transferable from horses; however, the same assumption must still be demonstrated for acute and chronic renal diseases. Ocular pathologies are similar to horses, with corneal ulcers frequently observed. Lameness is a common problem in donkeys, with laminitis as the most reported cause followed by pedal abscess.

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“…Congenital or genetic heart disease may lead to a shorter lifespan and therefore the prevalence could not be reliably assessed in this study. For example, complete atrioventricular block in donkeys requiring pacemaker implantation has been reported in two published case reports (Berg and others 1973, Pibarot and others 1993) and in several lay publications worldwide. This condition seems to occur mainly in young small-breed donkeys.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in donkeys

Decloedt

2016

Veterinary Record

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Implantation of a programmable atrioventricular pacemaker in a donkey with complete atrioventricular block and syncope

Cited by 29 publications

References 12 publications

Assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations

Assessment of cardiovascular disease in the donkey: clinical, echocardiographic and pathological observations

Donkey Internal Medicine—Part II: Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Neurologic, Urinary, Ophthalmic, Dermatology, and Musculoskeletal Disorders

Prevalence of cardiovascular disease in donkeys

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