Implementación de la metodología de selección participativa de Cacao en el municipio de Tecpatán, Chiapas- México

González, Sandra Isabel Ramírez; Báez, Orlando López; Espinosa-Zaragoza, Saúl; Márquez, Irving Eduardo Hernández; Gómez, Saturina García

doi:10.31644/imasd.6.2014.a01

Cited by 4 publications

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“…Los dos compuestos fenólicos, timol y carvacrol, se encuentran presentes en los dos extractos evaluados, y los resultados evidenciaron que el extracto obtenido a partir de L. origanoides fue más eficiente que O. vulgare en el control in vitro de P. infestans, esto se debió probablemente a la posición del grupo hidroxilo, la cual tiene un efecto importante en la actividad antifúngica (Kim et al, 2008). De la misma manera, se pudo relacionar con la composición química, la cual depende de la procedencia del material vegetal y el método de obtención del extracto (Ramírez-González et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Sensibilidad de Phytophthora infestans a extractos acuosos de Lippia origanoides y Origanum vulgare

et al. 2021

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Introducción. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, es considerado el agente causal de una de las enfermedades más devastadoras y limitantes de cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en el departamento de Nariño (Colombia). Esta enfermedad es controlada con fungicidas sistémicos, los cuales tienen un impacto negativo sobre el ambiente e incrementan los costos de producción, sin embargo, existen alternativas como los denominados fungicidas orgánicos, los cuales se basan en el uso de extractos de plantas con propiedades antifúngicas para el control del patógeno. Objetivo. Evaluar extractos acuosos de O. vulgare y L. origanoides para el control de P. infestans bajo condiciones in vitro. Materiales y métodos. La presente investigación se desarrolló en el Laboratorio de microbiología del grupo de investigación en Genética y Evolución de Organismos Tropicales (GENPAT) de la Universidad de Nariño, durante el año 2017. Se evaluó la sensibilidad in vitro de P. infestans frente a extractos de las especies botánicas Lippia origanoides (orégano silvestre) y Origanum vulgare (orégano común). Resultados. Los datos obtenidos permitieron el establecimiento de la línea base de comportamiento de las poblaciones del patógeno frente a los compuestos evaluados, hubo una reducción gradual tanto en el crecimiento como en la esporulación cuando se empleó el extracto de Lippia origanoides y que este mismo tiene la capacidad de controlar el patógeno en concentraciones de 100 mg ml-1. Con el empleo de Origanum vulgare los aislamientos de P. infestans presentaron diferentes niveles de sensibilidad al compuesto con bajos niveles de inhibición y altos valores de EC-50. Conclusión. Los aislamientos de P. infestans presentaron diferentes niveles de sensibilidad frente a los dos extractos acuosos evaluados, con una reducción del 100 % en la inhibición del crecimiento radial y la esporulación a partir de la concentración de 100 mg ml-1, cuando se empleó el extracto de L. origanoides.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Sensibilidad de Phytophthora infestans a extractos acuosos de Lippia origanoides y Origanum vulgare

et al. 2021

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“…The focus of the scientific knowledge had centered in the renovation of the cacao AFSs, to get a better organization and economic incomes, while the contemporary knowledge had a greater diversity of problems studied. They complement each other, the most successful proposals are the one in which knowledge and experience between the scientific and contemporary knowledge are shared, the ones that create spaces of co-creation of knowledge, like the participatory genetic improvement (Avendaño-Arrazate et al, 2013, Ramírez-González et al, 2014, the transition to agroecological schemes (Ogata, 2018, COLPOS, 2020, Ramos-Gamas, 2021 and the technology transfer (Peña-Aguilar and Bermudez-Peña, 2007). Contrary could be an antagonism between the scientific innovation and contemporary knowledge, when the innovation imposes over and erosion the local/indigenous/traditional knowledge, what is common under the modernization paradigm that reaches the cacao production regions of Tabasco (Chávez-García, 2012, Chávez-García andCastelán-Estrada, 2019).…”

Section: Adaptive Capacity: Contemporaneous Knowledge and Scientific ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is because there are not a lot of works that address how does climate variability affect the six factors analyzed. In fact, there are only 11 studies that analyze the effect of climate on different parts of the cacao SAFs, and are mainly concentrated on the population ecology of insects (Capetillo-Concepción et al, 2014, Gerónimo-Cruz et al, 2020, Hernández-Lara et al, 2020 and in least amount the phenology of the cacao (Barrón- García et al, 2014), the leaf fall at different seasons (Pérez-Flores et al, 2018), the infestation of moniliasis (Torres-De La Cruz et al, 2020), the prediction of the effects of the climate change (Pérez-Sosa and Granados-Ramírez, 2020), the effect of different kinds of management over the physiology of the cacao and the microclime (Jiménez-Pérez et al, 2019) and only superficially the local perception of the cacao producers to the climate change (Larrondo-Posadas, 2017, Méndez-Sánchez et al, 2019Martínez-Salvador and Martínez-Salvador, 2020). This little quantity of works related to the effects of climate variability it´s an important limitation to this review, and the reason why this work analyzes the general resilience of the system more than the resilience to climate change.…”

Section: Study Limitations Information Gaps and New Ways In The Study...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been valuable initiatives to connect between the different actors, like the participatory action research(Avendaño-Arrazate et al, 2013, Ramírez-González et al, 2014, Ogata, 2018, Ramos-Gamas, 2021, the farmer field schools(Zequeira-Larios et al, 2012), the woman cooperatives that revalorize the communal work (Martínez-Salvador and Martínez-Salvador, 2020) and the generation of museums and festivals of chocolate (Martínez-González, 2012).Nevertheless, in general, the cacao producer works isolated and with a little sharing of knowledgeinnovation(Ballesteros-Possú et al, 2007). The local actors are in vertical and low participative schemes, in where few actors had the power over the financial aid and the commercialization the cocoa (Ramírez-…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cacao Agroforestry Systems and Resilience: Potential Factors in the Face of the Climate Change in Mexico

Fisher-Ortíz

Rodríguez‐Robles

Maya

et al. 2022

Trop Subtrop Agroecosyst

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Background: The cacao agroforestry system (Cacao-AFS) is a small-scale design system with a great diversity and multiple functions; at the same time that is very vulnerable to the climatic variability. Through resilience is possible to see, how does a system respond and/or reorganize in the face of a perturbation like climate change. This work makes a review of Cacao-AFS and analyzes its potential resilience to climate change. Methodology: A review of the state of the art about the cacao system and its resilience had been organized from an analysis of 249 works consulted from bibliographic bases. The information was codified in six factors (scientific and contemporaneous knowledge, agrobiodiversity, socioecological autoregulation, capital, and social self-organization) and climate change implications, and finally evaluated through a matrix. Results: Through the review of the literature, it was found that there is a great adaptive capacity because scientific innovation and contemporaneous knowledge it generates different actions to solve some problems of the system. Also, it was found that there is a great agrobiodiversity in the system that allows the socioecological reproduction of the system (autoregulation). On the other hand, the system is low rentable and the young people don`t want to incorporate to the activity (low capital) and the social actors don´t use to cooperate (low self-organization). Implications: It was found that there are some aspects that favor the resilience of cacao system and others that need to be improved. To improve the resilience of the Cacao-AFS to climate change it is necessary to create spaces for the self-organization of the different actors and the knowledge dialogue, and to make a transition to more just and agroecological schemes. There are still some parts of the systems and their resilience that had not been totally investigated, like the local responses of the communities to climate change, the immaterial life of the cacao peasants, their inter-familiar and inter-community links, the environmental history of the cacao system, the functional and respond biodiversity and holistic economic diagnostics. Conclusions: The cacao system had some elements that indicate some degree of resilience to the climate change. The cacao system is resilient to climate change in some factors and not resilient in others. Their investigation is a fertile field to make multi and interdisciplinary studies.

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Production of four varieties of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L), in Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, Mexico

Garay-Peralta

Alarcón

Díaz-Criollo

et al. 2022

JANRE

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Currently, research in the introduction of crops in an area, region, or zone, is essential to determine the potential that the species being introduced may have. Therefore, the importance of introducing four species of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L), in the region of Úrsulo Galván, under a completely randomized experimental design. Specially in those places where monocultures predominate, since the option provided as an alternative must meet several characteristics, among which the main ones are: adaptation, growth, development, production and commercialization. To determine which of the species are those that adapt to the climatic conditions, as well as edaphic conditions of the area. If we add to the above economic improvements in terms of the income received per hectare, it will be much more attractive for producers. However, proposals should also be sought that contribute to reforestation, carbon dioxide capture and that benefits the local species. All the above with the intention of implementing sustainable polycultures and improving the characteristics of the region where they are established, as well as diversifying crops.

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Implementación de la metodología de selección participativa de Cacao en el municipio de Tecpatán, Chiapas- México

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Sensibilidad de Phytophthora infestans a extractos acuosos de Lippia origanoides y Origanum vulgare

Sensibilidad de Phytophthora infestans a extractos acuosos de Lippia origanoides y Origanum vulgare

Cacao Agroforestry Systems and Resilience: Potential Factors in the Face of the Climate Change in Mexico

Production of four varieties of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L), in Úrsulo Galván, Veracruz, Mexico

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