Implementasi Smart City di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Gender

Abstract

Konsep smart city di Indonesia diperkenalkan sejak tahun, 2005. Istilah ini kemudian semakin sering dibahas sejak Surabaya, Jakarta dan Bandung mendapatkan penghargaan terkait konsep smart city. Sejak pandemi Covid-19, penggunaan teknologi menjadi semakin masif dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama pada masyarakat perkotaan. Hal ini tentu dapat mendorong implementasi smart city di berbagai kota di Indonesia. Smart city merupakan konsep yang diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi atas berbagai masalah perkotaan. Konsep ini dinilai dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia, dan terciptanya sebuah kota yang inklusi. Namun ada hal yang acapkali terlupakan dalam mewujudkan kota yang inklusi, yakni hadirnya isu gender terkait implementasi smart city. Oleh karena itu, pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini ialah; apa definisi smart city dan bagaimana implementasinya di Indonesia? apakah implementasi smart city sudah responsif terhadap isu gender? dan apa yang harus dilakukan agar implementasi smart city menjadi inklusi gender? Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic literature review berdasarkan Prefered Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi smart city terus didorong dan diterapkan di berbagai kabupaten dan/atau kota di Indonesia sesuai dengan kebijakan pemerintah mengenai program menuju 100 smart city. Konsep smart city di Indonesia pada umumnya memiliki tujuh indikator, tapi setiap kota atau kabupaten menerapkan konsep smart city yang berbeda berdasarkan pada potensi, kekhasan, tantangan dari masing-masing daerah. Implementasi smart city di Indonesia masih belum mengakomodir perspektif gender untuk menciptakan kota yang inklusi. Dalam mewujudkan kota yang inklusi gender di Indonesia, maka perlu mengadopsi pengarusutamaan gender pada setiap kebijakan yang terkait dengan implementasi smart city.

Challenges and strategies for gender mainstreaming policy in smart city development in Indonesia

“…Indonesia has determined a city component or indicator as a smart city. There are seven indicators in the development of smart cities in Indonesia, including smart economy, smart people, smart environment, smart mobility, smart living, smart governance, and smart infrastructure (Astutik & Gunartin, 2019;Direktorat Jenderal Penataan Ruang Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum, 2015;Elanda et al, 2022;Utomo & Hariadi, 2016). However, each city in Indonesia develops different models, concepts, and indicators according to the city's background, human resource potential, and natural wealth (Utomo & Hariadi, 2016).…”

“…This is also supported by several studies conducted that the smart city framework only talks about the comfort of living and environmental issues and does not include social inclusion (DeAngelis, 2015). The development of smart cities in Indonesia still does not optimally incorporate gender equality and inclusivity (Elanda et al, 2022). The results of research on the manifestations of smart city development in Jakarta related to the SDGs show that the gender equality component is still focused on providing lactation space in public spaces.…”

“…Gender mainstreaming in the context of smart city development understands and views smart city planning from the perspective of men and women because each has different experiences and needs in an urban environment (Chang et al, 2022). The development of smart cities in Indonesia has implemented different smart city concepts in each city (Elanda et al, 2022;Utomo & Hariadi, 2016). However, the concept of smart cities in Indonesia still has not implemented gender mainstreaming in smart city development (Elanda et al, 2022).…”

“…The development of smart cities in Indonesia has implemented different smart city concepts in each city (Elanda et al, 2022;Utomo & Hariadi, 2016). However, the concept of smart cities in Indonesia still has not implemented gender mainstreaming in smart city development (Elanda et al, 2022). Therefore, the development of smart cities in Indonesia must apply a gender mainstreaming approach to promote citizen participation by bringing the issue of equality and providing equal opportunities.…”

“…These data show gaps in access, control, participation, and benefits received by men and women (Soleha & Afriyanni, 2021). This also occurs in developing smart cities in Indonesia, which still do not fully accommodate gender issues and gender mainstreaming in smart city development (Elanda, Wahyudi, & Alie, 2022).…”