Implementation and costs of agroforestry system in a degraded area of Brazilian Semi-Arid region

Abstract

The Brazilian semi-arid region is characterized by scarce water and often saline soils, and the agricultural practices there contribute to desertification. Most of the land in this region is used for subsistence and income generation through the use of forestry resources, but the traditional management practices of clearing areas with fire and cutting trees result in long-term ecosystem degradation. Agroforestry systems (AS) are an alternative to traditional systems that incorporate ecological concepts and aim to increase ecosystem services while maintaining ecological relationships. This study aimed to analyze the implementation of an agroforestry system in a degraded urban area, estimate the costs of implementation, and observe the development of vegetation after 3 years. The initial attempt to implement the system failed due to direct seeding, but the method was changed after 6 months by using 4-month-old seedlings. The costs of the system involved preparation and planting expenses, as well as maintenance. All individuals in the sample area were measured for diameter, height above ground, and maximum height, and their phytosociological parameters were calculated. The study found that agroforestry systems are feasible in the semi-arid region and that species such as Ceiba, Gliricidia, and Moringa have fast growth and can increase organic matter in the semi-arid systems. After 3 years, the system had a basal area of 6.37 m²/ha and a carbon stock of 17.69 Mg/ha. The implementation costs were R$ 5,120.47 ($ 988.68), totaling R$ 57,468,79/ha ($ 11,096.29/ha), which were considered relatively low compared to other studies on degraded area restoration. ASs can be seen as an alternative for small producers, allowing them to generate income, ensure conservation, and improve social conditions, ensuring sustainability.