Implementation challenges of area-based management tools (ABMTs) for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)

Santo, Elizabeth M. De

doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2018.08.034

Cited by 66 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Area-based management tools (ABMTs) are key tools for biodiversity conservation. They exist in a number of forms, including marine protected areas, sessional or annual fisheries closures, Areas of Particular Environmental Interest, Particularly Sensitive Sea Areas, and Emission Control Areas/Special Areas [ 15 ]. States at the third negotiating session agreed on the importance of ABMTs as part of the ILBI framework [ 14 ].…”

Section: This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical policy solutions for the final stage of BBNJ treaty negotiations

Humphries

Harden‐Davies

2020

Marine Policy

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The oceans are facing a catastrophic decline in biodiversity. States are now in the final stage of negotiations for an implementing agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea to fill governance gaps for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. This paper outlines the apparent areas of convergence and divergence between States on the 2019 draft treaty text. It outlines the contributions of the articles in this Special Issue “Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction (BBNJ) Treaty: the Final Stage of Negotiations”, which offer suggestions for breaking negotiation deadlocks and practical ideas for transformative governance change. As States prepare for the postponed fourth and final (planned) negotiating session, we hope that this Special Issue will offer a useful tool for decision-makers and other stakeholders by offering creative ideas for BBNJ governance and for reaching timely agreement on the BBNJ treaty text.

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Section: This Special Issuementioning

confidence: 99%

Practical policy solutions for the final stage of BBNJ treaty negotiations

Humphries

Harden‐Davies

2020

Marine Policy

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“…Area based tools, including MPA, are practical for protection of marine biodiversity in the WIO; however poor enforcement, lack of management plans, and significant data gaps can obstruct management effectiveness (Roberts et al, 2017). Adopting an evidence-based approach to biodiversity conservation of living marine resources and ecosystems, and improving the knowledge base for decision-making is of necessity (De Santo, 2018). Furthermore, studies on the feasibility, options, and scenarios for the establishment of marine protected areas in high seas, in consultation with the countries and relevant stakeholder involved is critical.…”

Section: Management and Policy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to rapidly growing coastal populations, the expansion of existing uses of the ocean, and the addition of emerging uses such as renewable energy, large-scale aquaculture, oil and gas extraction and mining, will further exacerbate the decline of marine ecosystems (Cinner et al, 2018;Jones et al, 2018;Kroodsma et al, 2018;McCauley et al, 2015). While the consequences of marine and coastal environmental changes are often felt locally, nations have long acknowledged the need for global and regional management actions to transcend national jurisdictions (De Santo, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aligning marine spatial conservation priorities with functional connectivity across maritime jurisdictions

Maina

Gamoyo

Adams

et al. 2019

Conservat Sci and Prac

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Globally, maritime boundaries on oceans form the basis of governance and management of natural resources, yet the fish, and other marine resources neither conform nor confine to these artificial boundaries. As goods and services from marine life continue to retrogress under the intense human exploitation and changing global environment, resilience could be supported through establishment of a functionally connected network of marine reserves across maritime jurisdictions. While the establishment of protected areas within the exclusive economic zones (EEZ) is expanding, mechanisms that would allow governments to conserve marine areas beyond national jurisdictions are currently inadequate.Consequently, implementing marine reserves is largely confined within territorial waters, high connectivity among contiguous maritime zones notwithstanding. As the global focus shifts toward achieving sustainable development goals for the oceans, there is a need for region-specific approaches to area-based biodiversity conservation that extends the scope of protection to areas in the high seas beyond the EEZ. Using simulations of functional connectivity and seafloor geomorphology, we present and apply in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO) region a contextual approach to regional marine conservation planning to inform a more effective regional marine conservation across maritime zones. K E Y W O R D Sareas beyond national jurisdiction, fisheries management, functional connectivity, high seas, larval dispersal, marine conservation planning, marine protected areas, ocean governance, regional MPA, seafloor geomorphic habitats, Western Indian Ocean

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“…It was only recently that MPAs were created within what are commonly called "areas beyond national jurisdiction" (ABNJs) (Gjerde et al, 2008;Wells et al, 2016;Smith and Jabour, 2018). To date, only 1.2% of the high seas fall under protection 1 , which comprises only 12 total MPAs within ABNJs governed by two different regional management bodies (Ardron et al, 2008;De Santo, 2018). Ten of these MPAs are under the management of the OSPAR Convention and the North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gazing at the Crystal Ball: Predicting the Future of Marine Protected Areas Through Voluntary Commitments

2020

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The beginning of 2015 saw a new era within the United Nations: the era of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). Built off the previous Millennium Development Goals, this new set of goals included 17 target areas, including, for the first time, an explicit global goal related to the ocean. In June 2017, at the United Nations Headquarters in New York City, a high-level conference surrounding SDG 14: Life Under Water convened. One dimension of goal 14 calls for 10% of the ocean conserved by the year 2020, through sub-target 14.5. That 10% fulfillment is often thought of in terms of areal coverage via marine protected areas (MPAs). While many objectives were laid out for this conference, one of the most prominent objectives was to build on existing partnerships and foster new collaborations. One way to achieve this target was through the creation of the voluntary commitment program. This "Call for Action" came from heads of state and government, as well as high-level representatives from organizations and stakeholder groups. Under this "Call for Action," 22 actions related to goal 14 were listed for stakeholders to partake in, including an appeal to create voluntary commitments surrounding the oceans. As of September 2017, 1,395 voluntary commitments had been registered through the voluntary commitment portal process, spanning across organizations and disciplines. Here, we analyze these commitments, specifically those related to the fifth sub-target of SDG 14. Commitments were further refined through spotlighting on those under 14.5 that focused on different forms of resilience. The resulting 133 separate codes covered over 12 distinct forms of resilience. Through analyzing commitments, we map out future plans and predict different forms of MPAs. This research shows collaboration and co-production of knowledge linking across the SDGs. This work can be seen as a stepping-stone to the fulfillment of 10% conservation by 2020.

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Implementation challenges of area-based management tools (ABMTs) for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ)

Cited by 66 publications

References 35 publications

Practical policy solutions for the final stage of BBNJ treaty negotiations

Practical policy solutions for the final stage of BBNJ treaty negotiations

Aligning marine spatial conservation priorities with functional connectivity across maritime jurisdictions

Gazing at the Crystal Ball: Predicting the Future of Marine Protected Areas Through Voluntary Commitments

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