Implementation of a patient dose monitoring system in conventional digital X-ray imaging: initial experiences

Heilmaier, Christina; Zuber, Niklaus; Weishaupt, Dominik

doi:10.1007/s00330-016-4390-7

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…With an approximate absorbed dose in air of 200 mGy air per pulse sequence, this is equivalent to a cumulative exposure above 4 Gy air . Considering as an example chest radiographic examinations and assuming a radiation exposure of 0.3 mGy air per radiograph, this corresponds to a stable operation for more than 13 000 examinations. In contrast, the performance of the PEDOT:PSS based device shows a slight enhancement at the very beginning and a continuous degradation afterward.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Inkjet-Printed Triple Cation Perovskite X-ray Detectors

Mescher

Schackmar

Eggers

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

100

126

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Flexible direct conversion X-ray detectors enable a variety of novel applications in medicine, industry, and science. Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite semiconductors containing elements of high atomic number combine an efficient X-ray absorption with excellent charge transport properties. Due to their additional cost-effective and low-temperature processability, perovskite semiconductors represent promising candidates to be used as active materials in flexible X-ray detectors. Inspired by the promising results recently reported on X-ray detectors that are based on either triple cation perovskites or inkjet-printed perovskite quantum dots, we here investigate flexible inkjet-printed triple cation perovskite X-ray detectors. The performance of the detectors is evaluated by the X-ray sensitivity, the dark current, and the X-ray stability. Exposed to 70 kVp X-ray radiation, reproducible and highly competitive X-ray sensitivities of up to 59.9 μC/(Gyaircm2) at low operating voltages of 0.1 V are achieved. Furthermore, a significant dark current reduction is demonstrated in our detectors by replacing spin-coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) with sputtered NiO x hole transport layers. Finally, stable operation of a flexible X-ray detector for a cumulative X-ray exposure of 4 Gyair is presented, and the applicability of our devices as X-ray imaging detectors is shown. The results of this study represent a proof of concept toward flexible direct conversion X-ray detectors realized by cost-effective and high-throughput digital inkjet printing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Inkjet-Printed Triple Cation Perovskite X-ray Detectors

Mescher

Schackmar

Eggers

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

100

126

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“…Our device shows a highly stable response for more than 19 h of continuous X-ray radiation without any evidence of degradation. With a dose rate in air of _ D air ¼ 1:8 mGy air =s during the irradiation this corresponds to a stable detector response for a cumulative dose of D air,cum = 126.8 Gy air which is equivalent to more than 422,000 chest radiographic examinations (Here, we assume a radiation exposure of 0.3 mGy air per examination 23 ). It is worth mentioning that this experiment is performed under normal ambient conditions without any additional encapsulation.…”

Section: Operational Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Origami-inspired perovskite X-ray detector by printing and folding

Mescher

Schackmar²,

Huber³

et al. 2023

npj Flex Electron

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X-ray detectors are of pivotal importance for the scientific and technological progress in a wide range of medical, industrial, and scientific applications. Here, we take advantage of the printability of perovskite-based semiconductors and achieve a high X-ray sensitivity combined with the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution by our origami-inspired folded perovskite X-ray detector. The high performance of our device is reached solely by the folded detector architecture and does not require any photolithography. The design and fabrication of a foldable perovskite sensor array is presented and the detector is characterized as a planar and as a folded device. Exposed to 50 kVp−150 kVp X-ray radiation, the planar detector reaches X-ray sensitivities of 25−35 μC/(Gyaircm2), whereas the folded detector achieves remarkably increased X-ray sensitivities of several hundred μC/(Gyaircm2) and a record value of 1409 μC/(Gyaircm2) at 150 kVp without photoconductive gain. Finally, the potential of an exceptional high spatial resolution of the folded detector of more than 20 lp/mm under 150 kVp X-ray radiation is demonstrated.

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