“…The most used sensor, based on conductivity, is the YL69 (SparkFun Electronics, Niwot, CO, USA). It has been used in nine proposals [44,56,71,87,95,[115][116][117][118]. This sensor is characterized by a low price and it is created specifically to operate with Arduino (and similar nodes).…”
Water management is paramount in countries with water scarcity. This also affects agriculture, as a large amount of water is dedicated to that use. The possible consequences of global warming lead to the consideration of creating water adaptation measures to ensure the availability of water for food production and consumption. Thus, studies aimed at saving water usage in the irrigation process have increased over the years. Typical commercial sensors for agriculture irrigation systems are very expensive, making it impossible for smaller farmers to implement this type of system. However, manufacturers are currently offering low-cost sensors that can be connected to nodes to implement affordable systems for irrigation management and agriculture monitoring. Due to the recent advances in IoT and WSN technologies that can be applied in the development of these systems, we present a survey aimed at summarizing the current state of the art regarding smart irrigation systems. We determine the parameters that are monitored in irrigation systems regarding water quantity and quality, soil characteristics and weather conditions. We provide an overview of the most utilized nodes and wireless technologies. Lastly, we will discuss the challenges and the best practices for the implementation of sensor-based irrigation systems.
“…The most used sensor, based on conductivity, is the YL69 (SparkFun Electronics, Niwot, CO, USA). It has been used in nine proposals [44,56,71,87,95,[115][116][117][118]. This sensor is characterized by a low price and it is created specifically to operate with Arduino (and similar nodes).…”
Water management is paramount in countries with water scarcity. This also affects agriculture, as a large amount of water is dedicated to that use. The possible consequences of global warming lead to the consideration of creating water adaptation measures to ensure the availability of water for food production and consumption. Thus, studies aimed at saving water usage in the irrigation process have increased over the years. Typical commercial sensors for agriculture irrigation systems are very expensive, making it impossible for smaller farmers to implement this type of system. However, manufacturers are currently offering low-cost sensors that can be connected to nodes to implement affordable systems for irrigation management and agriculture monitoring. Due to the recent advances in IoT and WSN technologies that can be applied in the development of these systems, we present a survey aimed at summarizing the current state of the art regarding smart irrigation systems. We determine the parameters that are monitored in irrigation systems regarding water quantity and quality, soil characteristics and weather conditions. We provide an overview of the most utilized nodes and wireless technologies. Lastly, we will discuss the challenges and the best practices for the implementation of sensor-based irrigation systems.
“…Nowadays, the culture of the poly house increasing day by day because in the poly house setup we can control the temperature, humidity, pest attack, and irrigation process. By smart farming, we can also minimize the human efforts to maximize productivity [13] [14].…”
This paper presents a brief overview of the automation and IoT (Internet of Things) used to enhance good agricultural practices. Robotics can be efficiently used in food safety and makes it environment-friendly by using the appropriate use of chemicals. Robotics is also helpful in testing land quality and to choose the appropriate crop for the land. The robotic weed control system is highly beneficial. Development of reconfigurable robot is very important because in the future agricultural land decreases and multitasking robots are required to make it fast and maintain quality, present robots are single task targeted robots. The smart farming also helps to maintain the humidity, temperature and irrigation process. The main aim of this study to making agriculture smart and efficient by applying automation and IoT techniques.
“…In general, most of the sensor nodes used to monitor soil data (such as temperature, humidity, and matric potential) and weather data (such as temperature and relative humidity) are operated using open, low-cost hardware platforms such as the Arduino [10][11][12][13][14] or Raspberry Pi [15][16][17]. Zigbee [11,[17][18][19], LoRa [16], Wifi [20], Bluetooth [14], GSM [12], and GPRS [21] are the predominant wireless technologies used.…”
Irrigation is one of the most water-intensive agricultural activities in the world, which has been increasing over time. Choosing an optimal irrigation management plan depends on having available data in the monitoring field. A smart agriculture system gathers data from several sources; however, the data are not guaranteed to be free of discrepant values (i.e., outliers), which can damage the precision of irrigation management. Furthermore, data from different sources must fit into the same temporal window required for irrigation management and the data preprocessing must be dynamic and automatic to benefit users of the irrigation management plan. In this paper, we propose the Smart&Green framework to offer services for smart irrigation, such as data monitoring, preprocessing, fusion, synchronization, storage, and irrigation management enriched by the prediction of soil moisture. Outlier removal techniques allow for more precise irrigation management. For fields without soil moisture sensors, the prediction model estimates the matric potential using weather, crop, and irrigation information. We apply the predicted matric potential approach to the Van Genutchen model to determine the moisture used in an irrigation management scheme. We can save, on average, between 56.4% and 90% of the irrigation water needed by applying the Zscore, MZscore and Chauvenet outlier removal techniques to the predicted data.
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