Implementation of Code Shift Keying signalling technique in GALILEO E1 signal

Abstract

One of limitations of the current GNSS signals is their low data information rate. This low data information rate does not allow, for example, the transmission of additional commercial services or the transmission of redundant ephemeris data. The Code Shift Keying (CSK) is a signaling technique specifically designed to increase the transmission bit rate of a spreading spectrum signal. Therefore, one solution to increase the data information rate of the GNSS signals is to introduce the CSK technique in them. In this paper, the implementation of the CSK technique into GNSS signals is inspected through the development and analysis of the likelihood ratio expression of the bits transmitted inside a CSK symbol, and through the identification of the best mapping between bits belonging to a word and bits transmitted inside a CSK symbol.Finally, the impact of the CSK technique on the GALILEO E1 signal is analyzed by calculating the CSK demodulation performance for a given scenario and the drawbacks of the technique on the signal acquisition and tracking processes.

Low-Cost Multi-Modal Wireless Sensor Platform for Smart Buildings

“…We show how spread-spectrum modulation can improve both power consumption and transmitter range. For more details on this topic, we refer the reader to references [16,[18][19][20]. Power consumption and transmitting range are two key areas in which wireless sensor performance improvement is valuable.…”

“…the coordination requires expensive central stations [16,21]. In contrast, our wireless sensor network uses spread spectrum to reduce the cost of the sensors; therefore, precise coordination is undesirable because of its high cost.…”

“…Thus, current technologies require regular maintenance and so are not cost-efficient. The communication technology developed in this effort is based on code-phase-shift keying (CPSK) spread-spectrum signaling [16], which improves both power consumption and transmitter range. The objective is to minimize the number of components within the wireless transceiver and reduce power consumption to allow sensor networks to be powered by energy harvesting, thus eliminating the expense and effort of periodically replacing the sensor batteries.…”

Non-binary coded CCSK and Frequency-Domain Equalization with simplified LLR generation

“…The CCSK sequences are all derived from a unique pseudo-random noise sequence by circular shifts. CCSK signaling is already employed in the Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS) [2], and is a candidate for adoption in future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) [3].…”