“…A key component of successful professional development is that it needs to be designed with the specific needs of the participants in mind (Dass, ; Klein, ). When teachers are more comfortable with teaching a particular topic, they are more likely to allow for student questioning, investigation, and discussion around core disciplinary scientific ideas; hence professional development programs should also focus on enhancing teachers' knowledge of these ideas, scientific practices, and crosscutting concepts in addition to their pedagogical content knowledge (e.g., Kielborn & Gilmer, ; Lakshmanan, Heath, Perlmutter, & Elder, ; Luft, ; Michaels et al, ; NRC, ; Penuel, Fishman, Yamaguchi, & Gallagher, ; Sinclair, Naizer, & Ledbetter, ; Van Duzor, ).…”