Implementation of Robotics in Building: Current Status and Future Prospects

Applications of Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Industry – A Prospective Review

“…For construction, those challenges have been identified decades ago, such as work in harsh environments, a decrease in productivity, decrease of a skilled workforce, safety during construction, producing large amounts of waste material, and transportation of materials to the site to mention some [3,4].…”

Valuation and Strategies for Investment on Automation and Robotics

“…where t V is the present value of the expected cash flows resulting from an investment project if the project is completed at t, V µ is the instantaneous expected rate of return/growth rate of t V , V σ is the instantaneous standard deviation of the project's growth rate, and V dw is the random increment to the Wiener process 1 , V w . Note that V µ and V σ are also known as the asset's drift and volatility, respectively, and they are assumed to be constant over time.…”

“…Suppose that an automation/robotics technology is still at the R&D stage, the investment requires 1 K initial investment outlay, and it will take τ years to complete these activities. At year 1 + τ , the second stage, the company will start applying the technology.…”

“…In many cases, it seems difficult to justify the automation and robotics investments [1]. Warszawski and Navon [1] pointed out some serious problems of robotics investment evaluation in the construction industry.…”

“…In many cases, it seems difficult to justify the automation and robotics investments [1]. Warszawski and Navon [1] pointed out some serious problems of robotics investment evaluation in the construction industry. Moreover, except for those near-matured/matured applications of automation/ robotics, most investments are characterized by the uncertainty of actual cost and benefit of the earlystage automation and robotics developments, especially when the development involves research and development (R&D) activities.…”