Implementation of three network convergence in China: A new institutional analysis

Wu, Rws; Leung, Grace L K

doi:10.1016/j.telpol.2012.09.005

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although both SARFT and NCAC are organizationally under China’s Ministry of Culture, SARFT is also simultaneously administered by the State Council and the Propaganda Department of the Chinese Communist Party. Thus, according to Wu and Leung (2012: 957), SARFT has an inherent institutional orientation of ideological control and is—to a certain degree—superior to other ministries in the power strata of China’s media regulation. Consequentially, in the very beginning, the superior power position and the underpinning ideological orientation of SARFT always brought itself into conflict with the legal and economic logic of copyright enforcement in China’s online video industry so that copyright protection actions were poorly and even improperly executed.…”

Section: Decline Of Online Video Piracy and Institutionalization Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This regulation campaign is actually an indicator of the ‘interinstitutional incompatibilities’ between SARFT and MIIT (Seo and Creed, 2002: 226). Compared to MIIT, whose gravity is laid on economic aspects, SARFT pays less attention to the market logic of online videos since ‘adapting to market changes was incompatible with its ideological orientations’ (Wu and Leung, 2012: 959). Therefore, Le (2009) suggests that the regulation storm was nothing but a media ownership war that betrayed an overt bias against private online video firms within the MIIT camp.…”

Section: Decline Of Online Video Piracy and Institutionalization Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

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From divergence to convergence: Institutionalization of copyright and the decline of online video piracy in China

Jie

2018

International Communication Gazette

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Since its emergence in 2005, China’s online video industry has been embroiled in rampant piracy. Nevertheless, online video piracy has sharply declined in recent years, and copyrights have become a widely accepted and practiced legal norm. With reference to historical institutionalism, this article considers copyrights as an institution and embeds the decline of China’s online video piracy in institutional changes of three copyright-related institutions: legal regimes, administrative regulations, and the online video industry. It argues that even though intervention by legal regimes cannot simply be overlooked, an interest-led institutional change in which the industry first diverges and then converges with administrative regulations is pivotal to the institutionalization of online video copyrights. These findings further our understanding of how China’s online video piracy is sustained or undermined with a holistic, historical, and dialectical outlook.

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Section: Decline Of Online Video Piracy and Institutionalization Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Decline Of Online Video Piracy and Institutionalization Of Cmentioning

confidence: 99%

From divergence to convergence: Institutionalization of copyright and the decline of online video piracy in China

Jie

2018

International Communication Gazette

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“…As one interviewee recalled, 'Shanda was moving the cheese of the SARFT and it was certainly risky to go ahead before the dust settled between regulatory authorities'. The conflicting interests between broadcast and telecom sectors as well as relevant regulatory authorities, SARFT and MIIT, is in fact a major reason behind the slow, zigzag progress of the state-initiated convergence project (Wu & Leung, 2012;Zhang, 2003). As broadcasting and telecom industries have long been dominated by state-owned or controlled enterprises, industry and regulatory stakeholders have been trying to maintain such dominance in their own spaces while eyeing for new business opportunities.…”

Section: A Precedent To the Recent Wave Of Ott Streaming In Chinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The bumpy road towards network convergence in China: The case of over-the-top streaming services

Zhao

2017

Global Media and China

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The decoupling of content and distribution platform has changed television irrevocably. Potential opportunities promised by the integration of telecommunications, broadcast and Internet networks means television has become a strategic highland for relevant stakeholders including industry players and state regulators. In China, network convergence has been on the state agenda since the turn of the century, but has remained stubbornly hard to move forward. This article starts with a brief overview of the state policy development in relation to the three-network convergence. It then zooms in onto the case of over-the-top streaming as a microcosm of the convergence project by examining two critical moments in its development trajectory, highlighting a short-lived early experiment in 2005 and a more recent wave of solutions since 2010. It offers a contextualised analysis of market evolution and state regulatory approaches in this space as power negotiations play out in multiple dimensions including those between the state and market, between the central and local, and between sectorial interests. By doing so, this article reveals contestations, contradictions and challenges in the state-engineered convergence project.

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“…In comparison with China's telecom operators which compete in nationwide markets, China's cable operators lack business resources and market experience [17]. A majority are short of the funds necessary to upgrade their cable networks from mono-directional to bidirectional networks.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, by combining theoretical analysis with empirical research, it helps to explain the complexity of industry convergence. The extant literature on industry convergence generally uses concept frameworks and case studies [15][16][17], although a few quantitative investigations have focused on measuring industry convergence [2,18]. The perspective of an industry platform is useful to understand firm conduct in a converging industry [19,20], while the traditional theoretical framework of industrial organization enables analysis of firm conduct in industries where market boundaries are clear [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Performance Determinants of China’s Cable Operators and OTT Service Providers in the Era of Digital Convergence—From the Perspective of an Industry Platform

2017

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This paper investigates key determinants of business performance in China's video industry in the era of digital convergence. Specifically, we analyze China's OTT (over-the-top) service providers and cable operators based on the perspective of an industry platform, which acts as the core module of a business ecosystem and is capable of facilitating and coordinating interdependence among different agents. Panel data models are established to empirically explore what factors impact the performance of these two types of players. The findings demonstrate that both platform use and the size of an installed base are crucial for the determinants of the performance of OTT service providers and cable operators. An online video platform can also benefit from an increasing proportion of mobile viewers by implementing a multi-screen strategy. Further, an OTT service provider can profit from the interaction between its installed base and UGC (user-generated content), while cable operators can take advantage of positive feedback between their demand side and supply side.

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Implementation of three network convergence in China: A new institutional analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 14 publications

From divergence to convergence: Institutionalization of copyright and the decline of online video piracy in China

From divergence to convergence: Institutionalization of copyright and the decline of online video piracy in China

The bumpy road towards network convergence in China: The case of over-the-top streaming services

Exploring Performance Determinants of China’s Cable Operators and OTT Service Providers in the Era of Digital Convergence—From the Perspective of an Industry Platform

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