Implementing a 4% EDTA Central Catheter Locking Solution as a Quality Improvement Project in a Large Canadian Hospital

Abstract

Oncology and critical care patients often require central vascular access devices (CVADs), which can make them prone to central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) and thrombotic occlusions. According to the literature, CLABSIs are rampant and increased by 63% during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for innovative interventions. Four percent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (4% EDTA) is an antimicrobial locking solution that reduces CLABSIs, thrombotic occlusions, and biofilm. This retrospective pre-post quality improvement project determined if 4% EDTA could improve patient safety by decreasing CLABSIs and central catheter occlusions. This was implemented in all adult cancer and critical care units at a regional cancer hospital and center. Before implementing 4% EDTA, there were 36 CLABSI cases in 16 months (27 annualized). After implementation, there were 6 cases in 6 months (12 annualized), showing a statistically significant decrease of 59% in CLABSIs per 1000 catheter days. However, there was no significant difference in occlusions (alteplase use). Eighty-eight percent of patients had either a positive or neutral outlook, while most nurses reported needing 4% EDTA to be available in prefilled syringes. The pandemic and nursing shortages may have influenced the results; hence, randomized controlled trials are needed to establish a causal relationship between 4% EDTA and CLABSIs and occlusions.