In response to the issue of growing garbage, researchers, foundations, and businesses worldwide developed concepts and created new technology to slow down the process. Waste comes from a variety of sources, including municipal solid waste (such as plastics, paper, cardboard, food waste, and textiles) and industrial garbage (such as ashes, hazardous wastes, and materials used in building and demolition). Modern waste management methods often take sociological factors into account in addition to technological ones. The internet and social media platforms have allowed scientists to reach a much wider audience in promoting ecological consciousness and awareness. This chapter discusses a variety of modern approaches that have evolved recently and how waste management has been affected by them. This chapter explores the obstacles and potential paths of waste management within the framework of the circular economy. Certain sustainable development objectives can be met by the application of modern waste management techniques.