Implementing an Autonomous Emergency Braking with Simulink using two Radar Sensors

Kapse, Ritesh; Adarsh, S.

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1902.11210

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The types and number of sensors used in an AEB vary from one car manufacturing company to another. Most recent vehicles use radar and vision sensors for emergency braking, for example -when an ego vehicle 2 detects that other vehicles ahead of it have suddenly applied brakes [38]. The different types of data sets collected by various sensors are combined using sensor fusion technology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

Fernández¹,

Syed²

2023

Preprint

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Sensors and actuators are fundamental units in Cyber-Physical and Internet of Things systems. Because they are included in a variety of systems, using many technologies, it is very useful to characterize their functions abstractly by describing them as Abstract Entity Patterns (AEPs), that are patterns that describe abstract conceptual entities. For concreteness, we study them here in the context of autonomous cars. An autonomous car is a complex system because, in ad-dition to its own complex design, it interacts with other vehicles and with the surrounding in-frastructure. To handle these functions, it must incorporate various technologies from different sources. An autonomous car is an example of a Cyber-Physical System, where some of its func-tions are performed by Internet of Things units. Sensors are extensively used in autonomous cars to measure physical quantities; actuators are commanded by controllers to perform appro-priate physical actions. From AEPs we can derive concrete patterns, a structure combining re-lated AEPs is an Entity Solution Frame (ESF). Both sensors and actuators are susceptible to mali-cious attacks due to the large attack surface of the system where they are used. Our work is in-tended to make autonomous cars more secure, which also increases their safety. Our final objec-tive is to build a Security Solution Frame for sensors and actuators of autonomous cars that will facilitate their secure design. A Security Solution Frame is a solution structure that groups to-gether and organizes related security patterns. This article is the first stage of a secure unit that can be used to design not only secure autonomous cars but also any system where sensors and actuators are used. This paper concentrates on AEPs and ESFs for sensors and actuators; that is, on the functional aspects of these devices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

Fernández¹,

Syed²

2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The types and number of sensors used in an AEB vary from one car manufacturing company to another. Most recent vehicles use radar and vision sensors for emergency braking; for example, when an Ego Vehicle (An Ego Vehicle is a vehicle that contains sensors to measure the physical environment around it) detects that other vehicles ahead of it have suddenly applied brakes [45]. The different types of data sets collected by various sensors are combined using sensor fusion technology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sensors and actuators are fundamental units in Cyber–Physical and Internet of Things systems. Because they are included in a variety of systems, using many technologies, it is very useful to characterize their functions abstractly by describing them as Abstract Entity Patterns (AEPs), which are patterns that describe abstract conceptual entities. From AEPs, we can derive concrete patterns; a structure combining related AEPs is an Entity Solution Frame (ESF). This paper concentrates on the functional aspects of these devices and defines conceptual units that can be used to design any system that requires sensors and actuators; that is, almost any Cyber–Physical system. For concreteness, we explore them in this study in the context of autonomous cars. An autonomous car is a complex system because, in addition to its own complex design, it interacts with other vehicles and with the surrounding infrastructure. To handle these functions, it must incorporate various technologies from different sources. An autonomous car is an example of a Cyber–Physical System, where some of its functions are performed via Internet of Things units. Sensors are extensively used in autonomous cars to measure physical quantities; actuators are commanded by controllers to perform appropriate physical actions. Both sensors and actuators are susceptible to malicious attacks due to the large attack surface of the system in which they are used. Our work is intended to make autonomous cars more secure, which also increases their safety. Our final objective is to build a Security Solution Frame for sensors and actuators of autonomous cars that will facilitate their secure design. A Security Solution Frame is a solution structure that groups together and organizes related security patterns.

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“…The used AEB logic implements cascaded braking, which consists of two partial braking stages and one full braking stage. It is interesting to note that the AEB logic (transition between stages) does not depend on pre-defined conditions, but rather on dynamic online-calculated thresholds [18]. These thresholds are velocity dependent and defined based on braking times, as follows:…”

Section: Braking Logicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Simulation-based Testing of a 5G-Connected Intersection AEB System

Khayyat,

Arrigoni,

Cheli

2021

Preprint

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In Europe, 20% of road crashes occur at intersections. In recent years, evolving communication technologies are making V2V and V2I faster and more reliable; with such advancements, these crashes, as well as their economic cost, can be partially reduced. In this work, we concentrate on straight path intersection collisions. Connectivitybased algorithms relying on 5G technology and smart sensors are presented and compared to a commercial radar AEB logic in order to evaluate performances and effectiveness in collision avoidance or mitigation. The aforementioned novel safety systems are tested in a blind intersection and low adherence scenario. The first algorithm proposed is obtained by incorporating connectivity information to the original control scheme, while the second algorithm proposed is a novel control logic fully capable of utilizing also adherence estimation provided by smart sensors. Test results show an improvement in terms of safety for both the architecture and high prospects for future developments.

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Implementing an Autonomous Emergency Braking with Simulink using two Radar Sensors

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

Abstract Entity Patterns for Sensors and Actuators

Development and Simulation-based Testing of a 5G-Connected Intersection AEB System

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