“…That is, recent flipped learning studies seem to have addressed the problems of singular disciplines (e.g., Aghaei et al, 2020;Basal, 2015;Hwang & Chang, 2011;Lai, 2021;Lai & Hwang, 2016;Zou, 2020). Moreover, a considerable number of academic efforts have J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f been limited to only one or very few courses (e.g., Lai & Hwang, 2016;Matich-Maroney & Moore, 2016;Miller et al, 2018;Nuhoğlu-Kibar et al, 2020;Xiao & Kim, 2018), which narrows down the scope of these studies further. In these studies, flipped learning is seldom if ever implemented before or after the term in which the data is collected, which signifies that they were conducted in "a temporary educational laboratory setting" substantially lowering their ecological generalization (Fraenkel et al, 2018).…”