The current study examined the diagnostic accuracy of two screening measures of risk for future difficulties in reading comprehension, as well as the degree to which adding a screening measure of reading comprehension enhanced the prediction of Oral Reading Fluency to outcomes of student reading performance on the state high stakes assessment for grades 3 through 5. Data from fall and winter assessments of the DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency (DORF) and 4Sight Benchmark Assessment (4Sight) measures along with outcomes on the Pennsylvania System of School Assessment (PSSA) across a total of 1000 students from 6 schools were examined using indices of diagnostic efficiency, ROC curve, and logistic regression analyses. Results showed that the addition of a measure of reading comprehension (4Sight) to DORF enhanced the decision making process for identifying students at risk for reading difficulties, especially for those students at higher elementary grades and those who achieved benchmark levels on the DORF. Although DORF alone showed a good level of prediction to the statewide assessment, the combination of the DORF plus 4Sight measures resulted consistently in the best predictive outcomes. Suggestions are made to consider alternative cut points for the DORF and 4Sight measures.
Keywords
RTI; Reading comprehension; Oral reading fluencyResults of statewide assessment, often called high-stakes testing, have important implications for districts, teachers, and individual students that impact district level decision making and policy. Usually administered once during the school year, statewide assessments do not provide information about student growth over shorter time periods and provide even less information to guide effective instruction for students who are at-risk (Shephard, 2000). The value and potential impact placed on high-stakes testing has encouraged school districts to put into place more frequent monitoring of student academic outcomes during the school year to identify those students potentially at risk for not reaching proficiency levels prior to the administration of the high-stakes test. Such identification could allow districts to put in place programs to focus instruction for such students in areas that would improve student outcomes on the high-stakes test.