Implementing Hospital Pharmacy Service Guideline in Nepal: A Critical Analysis

Khadka, Sitaram; DC, Mahima; Maleku, Kabin; Thapa, Panna

doi:10.1177/00185787231172383

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…The hospital pharmacy service guidelines specify that all hospitals should run their own pharmacy and the details of operation of pharmacy at different hospitals have been clarified [17]. A recent article mentions that while government hospitals run their own pharmacies, most private hospitals have yet to do so and the monitoring and regulatory mechanisms for hospital pharmacies are still in development [18]. Hence many community pharmacies located near teaching hospitals may be functioning as hospital pharmacies and may require the provision of antibiotics from the watch and reserve categories.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Availability of access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) group of antibiotics in community pharmacies located close to a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur, Nepal

Jha,

Thapa,

Pathak

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Introduction The access, watch, and reserve (AWaRe) classification of antibiotics was developed in 2019 by the WHO Expert Committee on the Selection and Use of Essential Medicines as a tool to support antibiotic stewardship efforts at local, national, and global levels. The objectives of this study were to assess the availability of antibiotics as per WHO AWaRe classification at community pharmacies located around a tertiary care hospital in Lalitpur and to compare these antibiotics with the national essential medicine list of Nepal. Method The cross-sectional study was conducted at community pharmacies located within a two-kilometer radius of a teaching hospital from August to November 2022. A total of 82 community pharmacies registered with the Nepal Chemist and Druggists Association and the Department of Drug Administration were studied. Data was collected using a standard proforma containing the names of the antibiotics classified as per the WHO’s AWaRe classification. Results Access group of antibiotics, Ampicillin, (82;100%), Amoxycillin, (82;100%), Flucloxacillin, (82;100%), and Metronidazole, (82;100%) were available in all community pharmacies. Results from the watch group showed that Azithromycin, (80; 97.6%) was available in all pharmacies followed by Cefixime, (80; 97.6%), Ciprofloxacin, (73; 89%), Levofloxacin, (74; 90.2%)and Ofloxacin, (74; 90.2%). Linezolid, (24; 29.3%) was the most common antibiotics available from the reserve group of antibiotics. Colistin was the second commonly available antibiotic. The most available antibiotic from the not recommended group were Ampicillin/Cloxacillin (82; 100%), followed by Piperacillin/Sulbactam, (39; 47.6%). There were differences in the classification of antibiotics between the WHO AWaRe list and the Essential Medicines list of Nepal in terms of numbers of antibiotics listed. Conclusion Antibiotics from the not recommended and reserve groups were commonly available in community pharmacies. The implementation of antibiotic guidelines should be emphasized along with strict monitoring of the sale of antibiotics without a prescription in community pharmacy settings.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%