“…UCD is a framework of processes in which user characteristics, goals, needs, and preferences are the central focus of each stage of the design process (Costa, Holder, & MacKinnon, 2017;Robins et al, 2010). Since proposed initially by Donald Norman in the 1980s, the UCD approaches haven been widely used in industrial and interaction design (Chen, 2019;Costa et al, 2017;Grandi, Zanni, Peruzzini, Pellicciari, & Campanella, 2019). The UCD approaches applied in this research were developed based on the ISO 9241-210:2010 for Human-centred design for interactive systems and other related literature (e.g., Costa et al, 2017;Maguire, 2001).…”