A consecutive number of studies on the adoption trend of logistics technology since 1988 revealed that logistics organizations are not in the frontier when it comes to adopting new technology and this delayed adoption creates an information gap. Given the integrative nature of logistics technology, failure to implement the technology successfully could result in writing off major investments in developing and implementing the technology or even in abandoning the strategic initiatives underpinned by these innovations. Consequently, the need to employ effective strategies and models to cope with these uncertainties is crucial. This research addresses the aspect of uncertainty in implementation success by process research models. Process research approach focuses on the sequence of events in the technology transfer process that occur over time. Through the use of optimal matching from natural science and cluster analysis, this research revealed four patterns that organizations follow when transferring logistics technology namely, formal minimalist, mutual adaptation, development concerned, and organizational roles dispenser. Analysis of the relationship between these patterns and success pointed to a set of crucial and necessary events which differ from one pattern to another.
IntroductionUnlike other business fields, logistics has gone through several major redefinitions of its role in organizations [1-3] starting with a fragmented approach to an integrated to a strategic to a supply chain orientation. Along this line of development, several technologies in the logistics and supply chain area have been developed to satisfy the requirements of each stage. Robeson [4] predicted that in 1995, logistics managers would spend their time dealing with issues related with computers and information processing. Later, Dawe [5] stated that logistics organizations are not in the frontier when it comes to adopting new technology and this delayed adoption creates an information gap. Nilsson [6] found that one of the main sources of uncertainty that faces logistics managers is concerned with technology implementation and understanding. Due to the growing complexity of the developed information systems in the logistics area, implementation of these systems becomes expensive, risky, and difficult to achieve [7]. Consequently, the need to employ effective strategies and models to cope with these uncertainties is crucial. Organizational innovation literature offers three ways to study the adoption and implementation of innovations in organizations; diffusion of an innovation, organizational innovativeness and process theory [8]. Diffusion of an innovation refers to its spread through a