“…Documented experience on multiple hospital alliances is restricted and assembled from the perspective of local efficiencies [Italy (Daidone & D'Amico, 2009), New Zealand (Barnett et al, 2009), Catalan (Bernardo, Valls, & Aparicio, 2011;Bernardo, Valls, & Casadesus, 2012), South Moravia (Kristina, 2012), Taiwan (Lu, Tsai, & Liu, 2011;Tsai & Liao, 2013), Germany (Vera, 2004;Vera, 2006)] rather than through a comparison of practices in order to find common features of successful alliances. An exception is the US healthcare system where community partnerships dominate and provide helpful guidelines (Alexander, Comfort, & Weiner, 1998;Alexander, Comfort, Weiner, & Bogue, 2001;Alexander, Lee, & Bazzoli, 2003;Alexander, Weiner, Metzger, Shortell, Bazzoli, Hasnain-Wynia, et al (2003); Bazzoli, Casey, Alexander, Conrad, Shortell, Sofaer, et al (2003); Bazzoli, Shortell, In this study we investigate how 12 hospital alliances in three countries with different healthcare systems conformed in their organisation, structure and processes to a set of compiled alliance best practices.…”