Implementing Onshore Power Supply from renewable energy sources for requirements of ships at berth

Gutiérrez-Romero, José Enrique; Esteve-Pérez, Jerónimo; Parra, Blas Zamora

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113883

Cited by 73 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The input and output energy of the ESS during charging and discharging states at each hour is limited by Equations (22) and (23), respectively [43]. The binary variables Ψ in h and Ψ out h are defined for the charge and discharge modes.…”

Section: Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Being considered as an important source of port's air pollution, the use of onboard diesel generators in ports are restricted due to strict regulations of ports to improve the local air quality [21]. The authors in [22] stated that using SPS to supply the power demand of ships at berth could be an appropriate measure for reducing air pollution in port cities. Cold ironing (CI) is a service for connecting a ship at berth to SPS in order to supply the ship's electrical demands while the ship's main and auxiliary diesel generators are switched off.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal energy scheduling of a solar‐based hybrid ship considering cold‐ironing facilities

Vahabzad

Mohammadi‐Ivatloo

Anvari‐Moghaddam

2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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There are many restrictions on shipping, which reduce or prohibit the use of diesel generators for feeding the energy demand of the electric ships, especially in ports. Therefore, the use of shore power system (SPS) together with renewable energies and energy storage systems (ESSs) can lead to many environmental benefits while ships are berthing in ports. In this study, the shipboard hybrid power system (HPS) is proposed, including diesel generators, solar photovoltaic panels (PV), ESS and cold-ironing (CI) facilities for using SPS to efficiently supply the ship's electrical demand. With such HPS aboard, the solar generated power is estimated accurately based on the navigation route. By optimal energy scheduling in a real hybrid cruise ship, the use of diesel generators gets minimised, due to the utilisation of PV and ESS. In addition, using CI service instead of switching on auxiliary diesel generators in ports leads to a 3 h increase in charging and discharging times of the ESS. Furthermore, the efficient use of CI service results in less use of diesel generators even at sailing hours, reducing emissions and minimising the costs of supplying ship's energy demand. The total cost reduction of the HPS in different case studies, without the use of CI services is only 1% to 2%, while this reduction is about 6% to 7% by adding the CI facilities to the HPS. Moreover, the economic characteristics of the proposed diesel-PV-ESS-CI by adding the CI facilities to the HPS are analysed and the profitability of this HPS in reducing the daily costs with considering the share of installation costs on the target day is proved. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: Essmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal energy scheduling of a solar‐based hybrid ship considering cold‐ironing facilities

Vahabzad

Mohammadi‐Ivatloo

Anvari‐Moghaddam

2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…In addition to focusing on electric vehicles, battery power on ships, and investing in their own electrical grids, many PAs have also adopted onshore power that allows vessels to be powered through on-grid electricity while docked at the port, reducing the combustion of fuels on ships, and thereby, reducing emissions locally [66,67]. The caveat with onshore power is that if electricity is not derived from renewable sources, its use may have a net-zero impact, and the high cost of implementation is often a barrier for many ports [68,69]. These changes are also critical for building the capacity required to adapt to climate change (SDG 13).…”

Section: Energymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Framework for Improved Sustainability in the Canadian Port Sector

2021

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Canada Port Authorities (CPAs) are federal entities responsible for managing Canadian Ports with local, national, and international strategic importance. Despite their connection to the Government of Canada, the CPAs inconsistently report sustainability performance and are absent from Canada’s Federal Sustainable Development Strategy (FSDS)—a national strategy to operationalize the United Nation’s (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sustainability initiatives currently used by CPAs only contribute towards attaining 14 of 36 relevant SDG targets, suggesting the need for an additional sustainability framework to achieve the remainder of these targets. This paper proposes a port-specific framework based on disclosures from the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) to fill performance gaps in current sustainability initiatives. Disclosures were selected in an iterative process based on literature and industry best practices. The framework provides a unified approach for both CPAs and policymakers to attain SDG targets relevant to the Canadian port sector and align sustainability performance with Canada’s FSDS.

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“…Fossil fuels are intended to be totally or partially replaced by electrical solutions (electrical machine and storage systems) such as in all-electric ships [9,[34][35][36]. Also, vessels can be connected to an onshore power supply during berthing, but some technical challenges exist, related to the power supply, the compatibility between onshore and vessel power systems, and demand management [9,[12][13][14]20,25,37,38]. Furthermore, the electrical vessels are sometimes considered as potential actors to provide load and ancillary support during berthing (compensation of power fluctuations in the electrical grid, stability management, voltage and frequency regulation, etc.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The harbor changes required to meet the needs of the forthcoming years: increasing maritime exchanges and maritime traffic, extension of harbor areas, development of electrical transport (vehicles, boats), etc. [27,32,37]. The existing harbor grids are often undersized to be able to meet the future energetic needs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Sizing, and Energy Management of Microgrids in Harbor Areas: A Review

et al. 2020

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Energy efficiency and low-carbon energy systems are increasingly taken into account in seaports, due to climate change challenges and the evolution of environmental regulations. Thus, technological breakthroughs must be brought to numerous systems in harbors, such as harbor cranes, seaport vehicles, or the power supply of berthed vessels. These aspects may require the establishment of a microgrid in the harbor area. Microgrids have been subjected to a wide development on the mainland and islands, mostly for domestic loads. However, these are still scarce in harbor areas. Their development in such places faces several challenges, such as high power requirements, monitoring and management of a wide range of loads, energy policy framework, etc. Moreover, the establishment of a microgrid involves a study of sizing and of energy management, to avoid prohibitive costs and to verify load requirements. This paper provides a literature survey related to the development of microgrids in seaport areas. Firstly, the main components that occur in harbor microgrids are listed, and then a review of studies dealing with sizing and energy management is proposed. Finally, from this survey, innovative concepts and barriers are listed, with an up-to-date review of microgrid development in seaports worldwide.

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Implementing Onshore Power Supply from renewable energy sources for requirements of ships at berth

Cited by 73 publications

References 37 publications

Optimal energy scheduling of a solar‐based hybrid ship considering cold‐ironing facilities

Optimal energy scheduling of a solar‐based hybrid ship considering cold‐ironing facilities

Development of Framework for Improved Sustainability in the Canadian Port Sector

Design, Sizing, and Energy Management of Microgrids in Harbor Areas: A Review

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