Implementing STD on a Small Island: Development and Use of Sustainable Tourism Development Indicators in Samoa

Importance and Satisfaction of Destination Attraction for Water-Based Tourism in Jeju Island

“…However, island mysteries are disappearing due to the construction of commercial resorts and accommodations, artificial beaches, and irreverent golf courses. According to Twining-Ward and Butler (2002), expansion of tourism through development directly impacts the size of an island's economy, but for sustainability of island tourism, local residents and tourists should highly appreciate its attractiveness.…”

An Entropy-Perspective Study on the Sustainable Development Potential of Tourism Destination Ecosystem in Dunhuang, China

“…There are lots of indicators that play a more important role for tourism sustainable development. Depending on the principles of scientific city, comprehensiveness, dynamics, hierarchy, maneuverability and perceptiveness [137,138], using the references from Indicators of Sustainable Development for Tourism Destinations: A Guidebook (WTO, 2004) [139], European Tourism Indicator System For Sustainable Destinations (EU, 2013) [140], ecological civilization city construction indicator system of Dunhuang city and related research results [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]141], the article establishes tourism destination ecosystem sustainable development analysis and indicators system evaluation according to three aspects. They are the structure, function and characteristic of tourism destination ecosystems; the entropy production and entropy flow in the process of system operation; and the ecological environment pollution and destruction during the tourism industry development within the system.…”

“…Ward and Butler investigated how to monitor sustainable tourism development (STD) in Samoa. It described some of the methodological considerations and processes involved in the development of STD indicators and particularly highlighted the importance of formulating clear objectives before trying to identify indicators, the value of establishing a multi-disciplinary advisory panel, and the necessity of designing an effective and flexible implementation framework for converting indicator results into management action [31]. Ko proposed that the "Barometer of tourism sustainability" (BTS) model represents the comprehensive level of tourism sustainability in a given destination, combining human and natural indicators into an index of sustainable tourism development, without trading one off against the other.…”

“…Moyle and McLennan noted that the frequency of occurrence of sustainability as a concept has slightly increased in strategies over the past decade. At the same time, there has been a shift in the conceptualisation of sustainability, with thinking evolving from nature-based, social and triple bottom line concepts toward a focus on climate change, responsibility, adaption and transformation [20]; (b) The indicators of ST [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], for example, McElroy constructed a "Composite Tourism Penetration Index" from per capita visitor spending, daily visitor densities per 1000 population and hotel rooms per square kilometer. They tested it on 20 small Caribbean islands and yielded three levels of increasing penetration [26].…”

Integrating small island sustainability

“…Also added to these should be the growing concerns regarding the possible though often ignored impacts of climate change [9]. Crucially long-standing matters and other newer issues must direct and influence consideration of the possible outcomes of small island coastal resort development [10][11][12][13][14].…”