Implicados, intermitentes, desengajados? Estilos de mediação de pais de crianças de 3-8 anos que usam a internet

Abstract

Resumo Este artigo apresenta resultados do primeiro inquérito nacional sobre como crianças (3-8 anos) se relacionam com ecrãs em ambientes familiares, focando-se nas mediações de pais cujos filhos fazem uso da internet. Com base em literatura sobre o tema e em resultados sobre o contexto português, procedeu-se a análises estatísticas de correspondências múltiplas e de clusters que consideraram fatores do lado da criança e do lado dos pais relativamente a mediações ativas e de segurança. Da análise emergiram três tipos de mediadores -implicados, intermitentes e desengajados -cujas características se discutem e se problematizam.Palavras-chave: crianças, famílias, mediação parental, tecnologias digitais.Abstract This article presents results from the first national survey on how children aged 3-8 years old interact with screens in the household, focusing on mediations reported by the parents whose children use the internet. Bearing in mind the literature on the topic and the results on the Portuguese context, we conducted a statistical analysis of multiple correspondences and clusters considering factors related to children and related to parents regarding active and security mediations. Three types of mediators emerged from the analysis -involved, intermittent and disengaged -whose characteristics are discussed and problematized.Résumé Cet article présente les résultats de la première enquête nationale sur les interactions des enfants âgés de 3 à 8 ans avec les écrans de leur environnement familial, en se concentrant sur les médiations rapportées par les parents dont les enfants utilisent internet. Tenant compte de la littérature sur le sujet et de résultats sur le contexte portugais, nous avons effectué des analyses statistiques de correspondances multiples et de clusters en considérant les facteurs liés aux enfants et aux parents concernant les médiations actives et de sécurité. Trois types de médiateurs ont émergé de l'analyse -impliqués, intermittents et désengagés -dont les caractéristiques sont discutées et problématisées. Mots-clés: enfants, familles, médiation parentale, technologies digitales.Resumen Este artículo presenta los resultados de la primera encuesta nacional sobre como los niños de 3 a 8 años interactúan con las pantallas en el hogar, centrándose en las mediaciones informadas por los padres cuyos hijos usan internet. Teniendo en cuenta la literatura sobre el tema y resultados del contexto portugués, realizamos análises estadísticas de múltiples correspondencias y clusters que consideran los factores relacionados con los niños y los padres en relación con las mediaciones activas y de seguridad. Del análisis surgieron tres tipos de mediadores -involucrados, intermitentes y desconectados -cuyas características se discuten y problematizan.Palabras clave: niños, familias, mediación parental, tecnologías digitales.

Use of touchscreen technology by 0–3-year-old children: Parents’ practices and perspectives in Norway, Portugal and Japan

“…Although not widely available in kindergartens, digital devices are embedded in Portuguese homes, and children begin to use them at a very early age (Castro et al., 2017; Dias and Brito, 2016). Young children frequently use tablets and smartphones, and the activities they enjoy the most are playing games and watching videos on YouTube (Ponte et al., 2018). Parental mediation leans more towards restriction than support, as parents have been found to be deeply concerned with limiting screen-time, and less aware about the importance of monitoring content and activities (Dias and Brito, 2018).…”

Parents’ digital competence in guiding and supervising young children's use of the Internet

“…For several years, it has been noted that children begin to use the Internet at increasingly younger ages (Holloway et al, 2013), which has led to new studies on the digital experience of young children (Marsh et al, 2016). These studies show that parents of young children prefer active mediation (Nikken and Jansz, 2014;Pons-Salvador et al, 2018), or an "intermittent mediation," because they only apply active mediation sometimes (Ponte et al, 2019).…”

“…Many studies highlight the importance of parental involvement in mediating children's online behavior (Ponte et al, 2019). Different styles have been identified depending on the strategies used by parents: “active mediation,” when they sit with their children and engage in shared virtual activities; “active safety,” when they talk to children about Internet safety strategies; “restrictive mediation,” when they limit Internet use through rules and restrictions; “technical mediation,” when they use parental filters; and “monitoring,” when they control the child's activity after use (Livingstone and Helsper, 2008).…”

La mediación parental en la pandemia: dispositivos, género y distribución del trabajo

“…Esta propuesta presenta dos límites: el primero es que no permite observar las modulaciones de estas prácticas de acuerdo al género, la edad, los estilos parentales y sus contextos socioeconómicos (Ponte, et al, 2019). El segundo límite, planteado por Clark (2011), es que no se ajusta bien a las nuevas formas de consumo de medios y pantallas en la era digital.…”