Implication of Air pollution on health effects in Nepal: Lessons from global research

Kurmi, Om; Regmi, Pramod R; Pant, Puspa Raj

doi:10.3126/nje.v6i1.14733

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…21 , 22 However, the use of the motorized vehicle has risen from 244,000 in 1990/2000 to 1.3 million in 2012/2013, which is one of the major contributors of outdoor air quality in the urban areas the country. 23 With rapid urbanization, high emission of PM2.5 (>40 µg/m 3 ), lack of regulation, and ineffective implementation to control the air quality, ambient air pollution has created a conducive environment for COPD. 23 Thus, this interplay between decreasing behavioral and indoor air pollution factors but increasing ambient air pollution may have led to consistently high yet stagnant prevalence and incidence of disease over the decade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 23 With rapid urbanization, high emission of PM2.5 (>40 µg/m 3 ), lack of regulation, and ineffective implementation to control the air quality, ambient air pollution has created a conducive environment for COPD. 23 Thus, this interplay between decreasing behavioral and indoor air pollution factors but increasing ambient air pollution may have led to consistently high yet stagnant prevalence and incidence of disease over the decade. The current prevalence of COPD (4,810 per 100,000 population [95% UI: 4,591.2–5,021.6]) is higher than the global rate (3,628 per 100,000 population [95% UI: 3,486.3–3,765.75]) but lower than South Asia’s regional average (5,315.9 per 100,000 population [95% UI: 5,097.9–5,532.3]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Burden of COPD in Nepal

Adhikari¹,

Neupane²,

Kallestrup³

2018

COPD

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BackgroundCOPD is a globally significant public health problem and is the second leading cause of mortality. This study presents the health burden of COPD in Nepal using the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2016 dataset.MethodsThis study used the data from the GBD repository presenting morbidity and mortality attributed to COPD, by sex and age. In GBD 2016, due to a lack of the primary source of data in Nepal, estimations on morbidity and mortality of COPD were based on its predictive covariates. Years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated based on the cause of death estimations, applying GBD’s Cause of Death Ensemble modeling. Likewise, years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying the prevalence of each sequela by the disability weight. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were derived as the sum of YLLs and YLDs.ResultsBetween 1990 and 2016, the estimated age-standardized mortality rate due to COPD was decreasing for both genders, but the decline was much higher among males. Unlike the high rate of incidence among males, the age-standardized DALYs were found to be high among females (2,274.9 [95% UI: 1,702.0–2,881.5] per 100,000). YLLs contributed around 80% of DALYs due to COPD in 2016. Age-standardized YLLs rate was higher among females, with a value of 1,860 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 1,282.8–2,472.8) vs 1,547.6 (95% UI: 992.1–2,018.5) among the males per 100,000 population.ConclusionThe prevalence and incidence of COPD remained almost stationary over the years, but still very high. Though the incidence and prevalence of disease were high among males, the death rate and DALYs were more significant among females throughout the years. If the current situation prevails, the burden of COPD will continue to increase in the country. Hence, comprehensive social, environmental, and behavioral approaches to curtail the risk factors along with early identification, treatment, and management of COPD is of utmost importance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burden of COPD in Nepal

Adhikari¹,

Neupane²,

Kallestrup³

2018

COPD

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“…3 Kathmandu valley is ranked as one of the most polluted city in the world. 4 The primary sources of air pollution in Kathmandu valley are vehicles, poor road condition and industries. Due to mass increase in number of vehicles in Kathmandu valley over past decade, residents are exposed to several air pollutants from the automobile exhaust.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Air Pollutants on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of Public Bus Drivers in Bhaktapur, Nepal

Karki

Sushil

Khakurel

et al. 2019

J Coll Med Sci-Nepal

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Background: Rapid increase in number of vehicles in Kathmandu valley over past decade and never ending road expansion projects has aggravated air pollution. People involved in transportation jobs for long duration like bus drivers, conductors are more vulnerable to ill effects of air pollutants. The purpose of the present study was to assess lung function of public bus drivers exposed to outdoor air pollution by means of PEFR. Methods: Fifty healthy, non smoking bus drivers were selected randomly from bus parks of Bhaktapur district. Anthropological records were taken. PEFR value was obtained by Mini Wright’s peak flow meter. Their mean PEFR was compared with 50, age matched control group involved in other office works. Results: The PEFR value was significantly lower among bus drivers than the control group (p<0.001). Mean PEFR decreased with increasing age and increased duration of bus driving. Conclusions: Our study concluded that PEFR value among bus drivers who are exposed to air pollutants for long period of time was significantly reduced.

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“…The published studies revealed that respiratory disorders from short term allergies to long term chronic illnesses are all due to polluted air [2][3][4]. The major sources of air pollution are emissions from vehicular traffic, industries, utility, construction activity, and fossil-fuel burning [5][6][7]. According to the report of World Health Organization (WHO) [8], "approximately, 91% of the world population were breathing low quality air than the WHO guideline".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Among Men Exposed to Two Different Environs as Occupational Exposure

Shahzad¹,

Sabiha²,

Haq³

et al. 2020

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Air pollution, a major environmental problem has a direct association with the incidence of respiratory symptoms and decreased in pulmonary function. A comparative cross sectional study was designed for 284 healthy men exposed into two different environs i.e. urban and rural areas of district Peshawar. This study also determined and compared risk factors i.e. men working in open shops for ~ one year or more than one year prior to the study and daily exposure for ~ 8 hours per day and lung functions using peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements. The results showed high significant prevalence (p<0.05) for bronchitis 83.1% (OR = 29.33; 95% CI = 14.9-54.0) and asthma 66.2% (OR = 13.5; 95% CI = 7.5-25.1) symptoms in urban area shopkeepers as compared to rural area shopkeepers 14.8% and 12.7% respectively. Similarly, the readings of PEF were found severe in 33%, mild in 32% and normal range in 35% in urban participants as compared to the shopkeepers living in the rural areas in which severe cases were reported in 13%, mild 19% and normal 68% respectively. Exposure per day, per year and more than one year as occupational stay at the shops of men, puts them at greater risk due to their continuous exposure to air pollution. The observed rise in health issues seems to be related with continuous increase in urbanization, traffic emissions and road expansion in the urban area.

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Implication of Air pollution on health effects in Nepal: Lessons from global research

Cited by 14 publications

References 7 publications

Burden of COPD in Nepal

Burden of COPD in Nepal

Effect of Air Pollutants on Peak Expiratory Flow Rate of Public Bus Drivers in Bhaktapur, Nepal

Air Pollution and Respiratory Health Among Men Exposed to Two Different Environs as Occupational Exposure

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