Implication of brevetoxin B1 and PbTx-3 in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand by isolation and quantitative determination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Nozawa, Akira; Tsuji, Kiichiro; Ishida, Hideyuki

doi:10.1016/s0041-0101(03)00123-5

Cited by 34 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Species specific metabolism of PbTx has been reported widely throughout the literature (Cummins et al, 1971;Steidinger et al, 1998;Nozawa et al, 2003;Ishida et al, 2004aIshida et al, , 2004bAbraham et al, 2012;Echevarria et al, 2012) offering a likely explanation to observable differences between P. viridis in this study and those reported for C. virginica and M. mercenaria. Indeed, Ishida et al (2004b) found a significant difference in PbTx metabolism in P. canaliculus and Crassostrea gigas, two similar species to those compared in this study, with different concentrations of metabolites found in each indicating similar pathways, but different reaction rates.…”

Section: Speciessupporting

confidence: 61%

“…While PbTx accumulation and elimination has not previously been studied in P. viridis, evidence for metabolism/biotransformation of PbTx has been found in several bivalve species including the closely related New Zealand green-lipped mussel Perna canaliculus (Ishida et al, 2004a(Ishida et al, , 1995(Ishida et al, , 2004bMorohashi et al, 1995;Murata et al, 1998;Nozawa et al, 2003). In both field and controlled laboratory exposures, P. canaliculus, showed both an accumulation of PbTx and metabolism from PbTx-2 (most prevalent in the K. brevis cell) to PbTx-3 and BTX-5 at rates dependent upon the intensity and duration of exposure (Ishida et al, 2004a(Ishida et al, , 2004b.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. gigas showed a more rapid transformation of PbTx-2 to PbTx-3 compared to P. canaliculus. While both species had PbTx-3, BTX-B1 and BTX-B5, P. canaliculus also produced BTX-B2, BTX-B3 and BTX-B4, but C. gigas did not (Ishida et al, 2004b;Morohashi et al, 1999;Nozawa et al, 2003). Concentrations of metabolites present may effect tissue retention time between species as different derivatives may be stored differently and in various tissue compartments, thus effecting elimination rates (Echevarria et al, 2012).…”

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

McFarland

Jean

Soudant

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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Perna viridis is a recently introduced species to US coastal waters and have vigorously spread throughout the southeastern seaboard since their invasion. Little information regarding their response to local environmental factors has been reported including responses to the local HAB species, Karenia brevis. This study monitored the tissue toxin concentration of brevetoxins in P. viridis from existing populations throughout two consecutive natural K. brevis blooms. The results showed P. viridis to rapidly accumulate PbTx upon exposure to the bloom, far exceeding the peak tissue concentrations of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, sampled during the same period, 57,653 ± 15,937 and 33,462 ± 10,391 ng g(-1) PbTx-3 equivalent, respectively. Further, P. viridis retained high PbTx concentrations in their tissues post bloom remaining above the regulatory limit for human consumption for 4-5 months, significantly longer than the depuration time of 2-8 weeks for native oyster and clam species. In the second year, the bloom persisted at high cell concentrations resulting in prolonged exposure and higher PbTx tissue concentrations indicating increased bioaccumulation in green mussels. While this species is not currently harvested for human consumption, the threat for post bloom trophic transfer could pose negative impacts on other important fisheries and higher food web implications.

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Section: Speciessupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

McFarland

Jean

Soudant

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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“…Functional, biochemical and biomolecular assays lC-MS/MS methodologies have been developed, evaluated and have been used for detection of Btx since the mid 1990s (Dickey et al, 1999Fire et al, 2008;Hua and Cole, 2000;Hua et al, 1995;Ishida et al, 2004a,b,c;Nozawa et al, 2003;Pierce et al, 2006;Plakas et al, 2002Plakas et al, , 2008Plakas et al, , 2004Wang and Cole, 2009;Wang et al, 2004;McNabb et al, 2012). the reported LOQ are 2, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.4 µg/kg shellfish meat for BTX-2, Btx-3, Btx-B5 and Btx-B1, respectively.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

A roadmap for hazard monitoring and risk assessment of marine biotoxins on the basis of chemical and biological test systems

Daneshian

2013

ALTEX

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Summary Aquatic food accounts for over 40% of global animal food products, and the potential contamination with toxins of algal origin -marine biotoxins -poses a health threat for consumers. The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methodssingle marine biotoxins or combinations of marine biotoxins and intoxication symptomatology as well as monitoring the "success" of controls implemented during fishery and aquaculture production, processing, and retailing. For this reason, a workshop was organized in ermatingen, Switzerland by the Center for Alternatives to Animal testing -europe (CAAteurope) within the framework of the transatlantic think tank for toxicology (t 4 ).In contrast to other food products where hygiene and potential contamination with microbes or mold toxins is the prime issue, the emphasis in aquatic products (shellfish and finfish) is, beyond viral and bacterial contaminations, primarily placed on potential contamination with marine biotoxins owing to the numerous and recurring human intoxications.The gold standards to assess toxins in aquatic food have traditionally been in vivo methods, i.e., the mouse and the rat bioassays. Besides the ethical issues of in vivo bioassays there are specific difficulties, e.g., different exposure route (i.p. versus oral), low inter-species comparability, high intra-species variability, and questionable extrapolation of quantitative risk to humans, thus highlighting the need for the development of more reliable detection and quantification methods. Based on this reasoning, the european Food Safety Authority (eFSA) advocates the use of an analytical method, i.e., LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography coupled Mass Spectrometry), as a substitute for in vivo bioassays for almost all classes of marine toxins. However, although lC-MS is a very sensitive method that has the advantages of being able to detect multiple toxins in a single analysis and being good for confirming the identity of toxins, the quality of quantitative analysis is dependent on the availability of calibration standards. While many new toxin structural analogues have been detected and identified using LC-MS, this technique -as with most other methods -is not good at detecting new toxin types. When new toxin analogues are detected but accurate standards are not yet available, only an approximate quantitation is possible using estimated response factors.For the purpose of risk assessment of food, however, it is imperative to focus on the possible adverse effects, independent of whether they stem from one toxin or a combination of toxins. As toxicity is defined by functional and structural changes of biological systems, the development of a human-relevant in vitro system for appropriate risk assessment of marine biotoxins in seafood stands to reason. Moreover, poor correlation of human intoxications, of acute symptomatology and long-term adverse effects, and of predictive in vitro, in vivo, and analytical detection methodologies of marine biotoxins stems not least from a...

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“…They are classified into two types, depending on their backbone structure: type A (PbTx-1, 7, 10) and type B (PbTx-2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14) [96]. Globally, they occur mainly in Mexico, USA and New Zealand and they are produced by the species Karenia brevis [97,98]. Brevetoxins bind with high affinity (K D 1-50 nM) to site 5 of the voltage-dependent sodium channel α-subunit [99] resulting in a sustained sodium influx and consequent depolarisation of neural membranes.…”

Section: Brevetoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Biosensors as Alternatives to Current Regulatory Methods for Marine Biotoxins

Botana¹,

Vilariño²,

Alfonso³

et al. 2012

Springer Protocols Handbooks

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Implication of brevetoxin B1 and PbTx-3 in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning in New Zealand by isolation and quantitative determination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Cited by 34 publications

References 27 publications

Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

Uptake and elimination of brevetoxin in the invasive green mussel, Perna viridis, during natural Karenia brevis blooms in southwest Florida

A roadmap for hazard monitoring and risk assessment of marine biotoxins on the basis of chemical and biological test systems

Use of Biosensors as Alternatives to Current Regulatory Methods for Marine Biotoxins

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