Implication of food safety measures on microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk

Šmigić, Nada; Đjekić, Ilija; Tomašević, Igor; Jelena, Miocinovic; Ruzica, Gvozdenovic

doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.12.022

Cited by 97 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The lack of differences in the likelihood that small-scale and large-scale farmers consider milk quality to be important shows that although small-scale farmers are less likely to consider milk quality important, they are particular about its safety. Raw milk has been implicated for causing foodborne diseases and as a source of zoonotic bacteria such as Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, and Listeria [8,18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research shows that high total bacteria count (TBC) is positively correlated with unsanitary conditions associated with dirty udders before milking, inadequate or poor teat sanitation, poor cleaning and sanitation of milking equipment, and inadequate cooling of milk [5,7]. Other elements that influence TBC include health and hygiene of the cow, housing and management, cleaning and sanitizing procedures, farm milking environment, and quality of cleaning water [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptions of Factors Affecting Milk Quality and Safety among Large- and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Zimbabwe

Paraffin

Zindove

Chimonyo

2018

Journal of Food Quality

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The study investigated the perceptions of milk producers on milk quality and safety. Randomly selected large-scale farmers ( = 158) and small-scale farmers ( = 186) were surveyed using semistructured questionnaires. An ordinal logistic regression was used to estimate the probability of farmers considering milk quality and safety important. Large-scale farmers were 3 times more likely to consider that breed affects milk quality compared to their small-scale counterparts. Farmers aged over 30 years were 3 times more likely to indicate that hygiene affected milk quality. The likelihood of milk transportation affecting its quality was 4 times higher in small-scale farmers compared to large-scale producers. Postmilking contamination of milk was perceived to occur during transportation by small-scale farmers, whilst commercial farmers ranked storage as the important source of contamination after milking. Udder diseases were ranked first by large-scale farmers while small-scale farmers ranked milking environment as the major cause of milk spoilage. The likelihood of milk safety being important was two times higher in large farms compared to small-scale farms. Intervention programmes on milk safety should mainly target small-scale dairy farmers since they are less concerned about milk quality and safety.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptions of Factors Affecting Milk Quality and Safety among Large- and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Zimbabwe

Paraffin

Zindove

Chimonyo

2018

Journal of Food Quality

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“…Because of their unique composition and properties, milk and dairy products represent excellent growth media for many spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms (Nada et al, 2012;Claeys et al, 2013). Table 1 shows a summary of outbreaks associated with the consumption of different dairy products in the world.…”

Section: Foodborne Disease Outbreaks Related To Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodborne bacteria in dairy products: Detection by molecular techniques

Cancino‐Padilla

Fellenberg

Franco

et al. 2017

Ciencia e investigación agraria

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Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 are the most frequent potential pathogens associated with milk or dairy products in industrialized countries and are therefore the main microbiological hazards linked to raw milk and raw cheese. This review summarizes the scientific information about outbreaks related to foodborne pathogens in dairy products and highlights the increasing application of molecular approaches to detect and identify the bacteria responsible for these outbreaks. Molecular techniques have facilitated the rapid detection and identification of foodborne pathogens, which has been crucial for current surveillance and outbreak control.

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“…The following sections consider the impact of on-farm hygiene controls and distribution retail and storage on the main microbiological hazards associated with RDM and highlighting areas where risk may reduce or increase. Nada et al (2012) observed that an improvement in the quality of raw milk from cows through implementation of GAP on farms with respect to a range of factors including feeding, animal health and welfare, sanitation, milking and maintenance of equipment and the cooling and storage and transport of raw milk. Piepers et al (2014) found management practices influence bacteria counts and coliform counts in raw milk but that information relating to milking, animal health and dry cow management suggest that there are other unidentified factors which may also be important in contamination of the milk.…”

Section: Description Of Potential Control Options To Reduce Public Hementioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

report¹

2015

EFSA Journal

120

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Raw drinking milk (RDM) has a diverse microbial flora which can include pathogens transmissible to humans. The main microbiological hazards associated with RDM from cows, sheep and goats, horses and donkeys and camels were identified using a decision tree approach. This considered evidence of milk-borne infection and the hazard being present in the European Union (EU), the impact of the hazard on human health and whether there was evidence for RDM as an important risk factor in the EU. The main hazards were Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., shigatoxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC), Brucella melitensis, Mycobacterium bovis and tick-borne encephalitis virus, and there are clear links between drinking raw milk and human illness associated with these hazards. A quantitative microbiological risk assessment for these hazards could not be undertaken because country and EU-wide data are limited. Antimicrobial resistance has been reported in several EU countries in some of the main bacterial hazards isolated from raw milk or associated equipment and may be significant for public health. Sale of RDM through vending machines is permitted in some EU countries, although consumers purchasing such milk are usually instructed to boil the milk before consumption, which would eliminate microbiological risks. With respect to internet sales of RDM, there is a need for microbiological, temperature and storage time data to assess the impact of this distribution route. Intrinsic contamination of RDM with pathogens can arise from animals with systemic infection as well as from localised infections such as mastitis. Extrinsic contamination can arise from faecal contamination and from the wider farm environment. It was not possible to rank control options as no single step could be identified which would significantly reduce risk relative to a baseline of expected good practice, although potential for an increase in risk was also noted. Improved risk communication to consumers is recommended. SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the EFSA Panel on Biological Hazards (BIOHAZ) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk (RDM). In particular, the BIOHAZ Panel was requested to identify the main microbiological hazards of public health significance that may occur in RDM from different animal species, to assess the public health risk arising from the consumption of RDM, to assess the likelihood of RDM being a significant source of antimicrobial resistant bacteria/resistance genes, to assess the additional risks associated with the sale of RDM through vending machines and via the internet and to identify and rank potential control options to reduce public health risks arising from consumption of RDM.According to European Union (EU) legislation, "raw milk" is defined as milk produced by the secretion of the mammary gland of farmed animals that has not been heated to more than 40 °C or undergone any treatment that has an e...

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Implication of food safety measures on microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized milk

Cited by 97 publications

References 12 publications

Perceptions of Factors Affecting Milk Quality and Safety among Large- and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Zimbabwe

Perceptions of Factors Affecting Milk Quality and Safety among Large- and Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Zimbabwe

Foodborne bacteria in dairy products: Detection by molecular techniques

Scientific Opinion on the public health risks related to the consumption of raw drinking milk

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