Implication viability assessment of electric vehicles for different regions: An approach of life cycle assessment considering exergy analysis and battery degradation

Nimesh, Vikas; Kumari, Ranjana; Soni, Neelesh; Goswami, Arkopal K.; Reddy, V. Mahendra

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114104

Cited by 42 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…It is difficult to predict battery degradation [154], but it is one solution to simplify battery aging into battery replacement [154]. However, battery replacement does not simply represent battery aging because battery aging is a linear exponential [128], or even an exponential process [24,126], while battery replacement is a 0-1 process. Yang, for the first time, considered both battery aging and battery replacement in terms of the LCA environmental efficiency evaluation of NEVs and pointed out that when battery aging is ignored, the CO 2 emissions per kilometer of NEVs will be underestimated by 29% [134].…”

Section: Battery Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a method recommended by ISO14040 and ISO14044 in 2006, life cycle analysis (LCA) aims to find opportunities for a product or service to improve the environmental performance of that product at all stages of its life cycle, providing a choice of environmentrelated indicators, to provide a reference for technical and marketing environmental efficiency [12,[21][22][23]. Many researchers have tried to use LCA to evaluate the environmental efficiency of NEVs, to prove the difference in environmental efficiency between NEVs and ICEVs from a more comprehensive perspective [24][25][26]. LCA not only focuses on the evaluation of environmental efficiency but also on life-cycle cost (LCC) [27], life-cycle inventory (LCI) [28], and social life-cycle analysis (S-LCA) [29], which expands the evaluation scope of LCA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis

Wang

Tang

2022

Sustainability

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New energy vehicles (NEVs), especially electric vehicles (EVs), address the important task of reducing the greenhouse effect. It is particularly important to measure the environmental efficiency of new energy vehicles, and the life cycle analysis (LCA) model provides a comprehensive evaluation method of environmental efficiency. To provide researchers with knowledge regarding the research trends of LCA in NEVs, a total of 282 related studies were counted from the Web of Science database and analyzed regarding their research contents, research preferences, and research trends. The conclusion drawn from this research is that the stages of energy resource extraction and collection, carrier production and energy transportation, maintenance, and replacement are not considered to be research links. The stages of material, equipment, and car transportation and operation equipment settling, and forms of use need to be considered in future research. Hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (HFCEVs), vehicle type classification, the water footprint, battery recovery and reuse, and battery aging are the focus of further research, and comprehensive evaluation combined with more evaluation methods is the direction needed for the optimization of LCA. According to the results of this study regarding EV and hybrid power vehicles (including plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and extended range electric vehicles (EREV)), well-to-wheel (WTW) average carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been less than those in the same period of gasoline internal combustion engine vehicles (GICEV). However, EV and hybrid electric vehicle production CO2 emissions have been greater than those during the same period of GICEV and the total CO2 emissions of EV have been less than during the same period of GICEV.

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Section: Battery Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis

Wang

Tang

2022

Sustainability

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“…4 Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are proposed as substitutes for conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to reduce pollution and emissions. 5 Since the EU contribution is very limited, with less than 1% of greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution, 6 the action decreasing the CO 2 emission in the transport sector should be actually beneficial. Based on the energy and cost-effectiveness of light-duty passenger vehicles, BEVs are the optimal energy storage option.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, many policies have been adopted in different countries of the world with the decision to promote electric mobility, especially in China and the European Union (EU). , China is the largest exporter of electric vehicles, and Asia is the major player in battery production . Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are proposed as substitutes for conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs) to reduce pollution and emissions . Since the EU contribution is very limited, with less than 1% of greenhouse gas (GHG) contribution, the action decreasing the CO 2 emission in the transport sector should be actually beneficial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-evaluation of the Global Warming Potential for the Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Nickel–Manganese–Cobalt Cathode Chemistries in China

Bonalumi

Tabrizi

2022

Energy Fuels

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This study proposes a unified life cycle inventory (LCI) for evaluating the global warming potential (GWP) impact of producing lithium-ion power batteries (LIBs) in China, the largest LIB producer worldwide. Using the open-access Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model, a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment is conducted for lithium−nickel−manganese−cobalt oxide (NMC) chemistries for electric vehicle applications. The LCI is obtained by coupling the GREET model with the data from studies on the Chinese battery industry to represent a more true-to-life approach. Brine, ore, and mixed sources of lithium are considered for the production of active cathode material. Two manufacturing scenarios are developed based on the plant capacity, and different approaches are developed for data acquisition. The bill of materials (BOMs) for each battery is extracted from the corresponding literature and applied to the proposed LCIs and manufacturing scenarios to be compared with the GWP value reported in the original study. The results show that for producing 1 kWh of battery energy storage, the overall GWP can vary from 89 to 169 kg CO 2 eq. depending on the lithium source, manufacturing scenario, and the BOM. Similarly, the GWP impact associated with battery-grade material production differs from 70 to 115 kg CO 2 eq. per kWh, where the effect of manufacturing scenarios is suspended. Also, the GWP impact of different NMC cathode chemistries' production is discussed. It is found that, based on the BatPaC model, upon increasing the nickel content, the GWP impact slightly decreases. However, using different BOMs, NMC111 cathode chemistry can result in a smaller GWP impact compared to NMC622 and NMC811, when the amount of cathode active material is relatively low in NMC111 cathode chemistry. Also, the positive effects of electric mobility are emphasized in vehicles with low fuel consumption and small batteries by conducting a simplified analysis of the use phase of battery electric vehicles running on different battery sizes and consumptions.

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“…Rapido is an example of 2-wheeler RHS, which operates in several cities in India. Auto-rickshaw-based RHS, namely COOP and Tukxi, have been recently launched in the cities of Pune and Kochi, respectively [ 43 ]. Such types of RHS are likely to reduce the trip price and attract greater number of users.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing User Behavior in Selection of Ride-Hailing Services for Urban Travel in Developing Countries

Raj¹,

Bhaduri

Moeckel

et al. 2022

Transp. in Dev. Econ.

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Recent developments in urban transportation services are rapidly transforming the way people make their trips. Around the world, the most controversial and rapidly growing mobility services in recent years are ride-hailing services (RHS) offered by transportation network companies (TNCs) such as Uber and Ola. This research estimates the demand for RHS vis-à-vis other modes and further expands to estimate usage propensity of RHS in the capital city of India, New Delhi. A discrete choice modeling framework is developed based on a household travel surveys ( N = 426) conducted in 2019. Two models were developed, a multinomial logit (MNL) model, to estimate the factors that lead to the adoption of RHS, and an ordered logit (OL) model, to estimate the frequency of usage of RHS. The results reveal a comprehensive set of socio-demographic and behavioral factors which leads to greater adoption of RHS. The variables such as household income, vehicle ownership, and use of smartphone are found to be important predictors (with a 95% significance level) of service adoption of RHS. The model results also suggest that RHS are likely to be used infrequently, and when it is being used, they are more likely to be used by the younger population and during the weekends. Overall, this research brings valuable and novel insights into the adoption and usage of RHS in India.

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Implication viability assessment of electric vehicles for different regions: An approach of life cycle assessment considering exergy analysis and battery degradation

Cited by 42 publications

References 64 publications

A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis

A Review on Environmental Efficiency Evaluation of New Energy Vehicles Using Life Cycle Analysis

Re-evaluation of the Global Warming Potential for the Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Nickel–Manganese–Cobalt Cathode Chemistries in China

Analyzing User Behavior in Selection of Ride-Hailing Services for Urban Travel in Developing Countries

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