Implications and alternatives of assigning climate data to geographical centroids

Park, Daniel; Davis, Charles C.

doi:10.1111/jbi.13029

Cited by 51 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…To examine relationships between climate and herbivory, we extracted various temperature predictors from the PRISM Climate Group, gridded data [http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu], all of which were county‐level means corresponding to each specimen collection date (Park & Davis, ). To broadly represent temperatures during overwintering and spring development of insect herbivores, we extracted mean temperatures from January to March during the year when a specimen was collected.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

et al. 2018

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Predicting how ecological interactions will respond to global change is a major challenge. Plants and their associated insect herbivores compose much of macroscopic diversity, yet how their interactions have been altered by recent environmental change remains underexplored. To address this gap, we quantified herbivory on herbarium specimens of four plant species with records extending back 112 years. Our study focused on the northeastern US, where temperatures have increased rapidly over the last few decades. This region also represents a range of urban development, a form of global change that has shown variable effects on herbivores in the past studies. Herbarium specimens collected in the early 2000s were 23% more likely to be damaged by herbivores than those collected in the early 1900s. Herbivory was greater following warmer winters and at low latitudes, suggesting that climate warming may drive increasing insect damage over time. In contrast, human population densities were negatively associated with herbivore damage. To explore whether changes in insect occurrence or abundance might explain shifts in herbivory, we used insect observational records to build climate occupancy models for lepidopteran herbivores (butterflies and moths) of our focal plant species. These models show that higher winter temperatures were associated with higher probability of insect herbivore presence, while urbanization was associated with reduced probability of herbivore presence, supporting a link between insect herbivore occurrence and herbivory mediated through environment. Synthesis. Using a temporal record of plant herbivory that spans over a century, we show that both temperature and urbanization influence insect damage to plants, but in very different ways. Our results indicate that damage to plants by insect herbivores will likely continue to increase through time in the northeastern US as global temperatures rise, but that urbanization may disrupt local effects of winter warming on herbivory by excluding certain herbivores. These changes may scale to shape ecosystem processes that are driven by herbivory, including plant productivity.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

et al. 2018

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“…Label information on specimen locations can be at coarse geographical scales (e.g., at the county level in the United States), or is not provided, especially for specimens collected long ago. This is further complicated by the fact that such specimens may be inaccurately georeferenced, which can propagate through subsequent analyses especially if climate data is linked to such data (Park and Davis ). Because we cannot go back in time and collect more fine‐scale location data, its absence may prevent researchers from using specimens to address certain hypotheses.…”

Section: Herbaria As Novel Data Sources: Limitations and Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology

Meineke

Davis

Davies

2018

Ecological Monographs

Self Cite

148

125

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Plant and fungal specimens in herbaria are becoming primary resources for investigating how plant phenology and geographic distributions shift with climate change, greatly expanding inferences across spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic dimensions. However, these specimens contain a wealth of additional data, including nutrients, defensive compounds, herbivore damage, disease lesions, and signatures of physiological processes, that capture ecological and evolutionary responses to the Anthropocene but which are less frequently utilized. Here, we outline the diversity of herbarium data, global change topics to which they have been applied, and new hypotheses they could inform. We find that herbarium data have been used extensively to study impacts of climate change and invasive species, but that such data are less commonly used to address other drivers of biodiversity loss, including habitat conversion, pollution, and overexploitation. In addition, we note that fungal specimens are under‐explored relative to vascular plants. To facilitate broader application of plant and fungal specimens in global change research, we consider the limitations of these data and modern sampling and statistical tools that may be applied to surmount challenges they present. Using a case study of insect herbivory, we illustrate how novel herbarium data may be employed to test hypotheses for which few data exist. With the goal of positioning herbaria as hubs for global change research, we suggest future research directions and curation priorities.

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“…To quantify the diversity of biomes for which we have data, we extracted mean annual temperature and precipitation from CHELSA climate layers at 30 arc-second resolution (Karger et al., 2017) and took the median environmental variable per polygon (Park & Davis, 2017) to represent each site's climatic niche. To quantify the diversity of biomes for which we have data, we extracted mean annual temperature and precipitation from CHELSA climate layers at 30 arc-second resolution (Karger et al., 2017) and took the median environmental variable per polygon (Park & Davis, 2017) to represent each site's climatic niche.…”

Section: Biomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global geographic patterns in the colours and sizes of animal‐dispersed fruits

Sinnott‐Armstrong

Downie

Federman

et al. 2018

Global Ecol Biogeogr

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Aim Fruit colours attract animal seed dispersers, yet the causes of fruit colour diversity remain controversial. The lack of knowledge of large‐scale spatial patterns in fruit colours has limited our ability to formulate and test alternative hypotheses to explain fruit colour, fruit size and fruit colour diversity. We describe spatial (especially latitudinal) variation in fruit colour, colour diversity and length, and test for correlations between fruit colour, length and plant habit. Location Global. Time period Present day. Major taxa studied Seed plants. Methods We assembled a database of fruit traits for 13,178 fleshy fruited plant species spanning 136 sites around the world. To assess whether fruit colour categories correspond with spectral reflectances, we tested for clustering of hue, chroma and saturation for 236 species for which we had reflectance data. We then quantified latitudinal gradients in fruit colour, fruit length and fruit colour diversity while controlling for the effects of plant habit and whether colour categories varied with respect to average fruit size. Results Colour categories corresponded well with reflectance data. The tropics show high colour diversity, while red fruits progressively constitute a higher proportion of the fleshy‐fruited plant community towards high latitudes. All mammal‐associated colours (green, orange, brown and yellow) are more common in the tropics than at high latitudes. Fruit length also increases towards the tropics. Main conclusions Tropical communities tend to have diverse fruit colours, including many mammal‐associated fruit colours, while high latitude communities contain a higher percentage of red‐fruited species. The correlation between colour and size is strong, and some latitudinal patterns may be partly driven by changes in fruit size. Differences in geography and in the history of plant lineages in the Southern versus the Northern Hemisphere may help to explain some biogeographic patterns, but alternative hypotheses related to fruit defence, development and metabolic costs are plausible.

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Implications and alternatives of assigning climate data to geographical centroids

Cited by 51 publications

References 78 publications

Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology

Global geographic patterns in the colours and sizes of animal‐dispersed fruits

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