Implications and development of a net energy system for broilers

Swick, Robert A.; Wu, Shu‐Biao; Zuo, Jianjun; Rodgers, Nicholas; Barekatain, Mohammad Reza; Choct, Mingan

doi:10.1071/an13204

Cited by 27 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This is further supported by the improved utilization of dietary ME as NE when XT was supplemented to diets. The NE:ME ratios were similar to previous reports (Swick et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Partitioning of dietary energy of chickens fed maize- or wheat-based diets with and without a commercial blend of phytogenic feed additives

Pirgozliev

Beccaccia

Rose

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of a standardized mixture of a commercial blend of phytogenic feed additives containing 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde, and 2% capsicum on utilization of dietary energy and performance in broiler chickens. Four experimental diets were offered to the birds from 7 to 21 d of age. These included 2 basal control diets based on either wheat or maize that contained 215 g CP/kg and 12.13 MJ/kg ME and another 2 diets using the basal control diets supplemented with the plant extracts combination at 100 mg/kg diet. Each diet was fed to 16 individually penned birds following randomization. Dietary plant extracts improved feed intake and weight gain (P < 0.05) and slightly (P < 0.1) improved feed efficiency of birds fed the maize-based diet. Supplementary plant extracts did not change dietary ME (P > 0.05) but improved (P < 0.05) dietary NE by reducing the heat increment (P < 0.05) per kilogram feed intake. Feeding phytogenics improved (P < 0.05) total carcass energy retention and the efficiency of dietary ME for carcass energy retention. The number of interactions between type of diet and supplementary phytogenic feed additive suggest that the chemical composition and the energy to protein ratio of the diet may influence the efficiency of phytogenics when fed to chickens. The experiment showed that although supplementary phytogenic additives did not affect dietary ME, they caused a significant improvement in the utilization of dietary energy for carcass energy retention but this did not always relate to growth performance.

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“…This is further supported by the improved utilization of dietary ME as NE when XT was supplemented to diets. The NE:ME ratios were similar to previous reports (Swick et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Partitioning of dietary energy of chickens fed maize- or wheat-based diets with and without a commercial blend of phytogenic feed additives

Pirgozliev

Beccaccia

Rose

et al. 2015

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Maize based diets produced higher (P < 0.05) daily FI and ME, although wheat based diets had higher NE (P < 0.001). The values of ME and NE were in similar to previous reports [9,45]. In agreement with [24], there were dietary type x PE interactions (P < 0.05) observed in bird growth, as birds fed wheat diets did not respond (P > 0.05) to PE supplementation.…”

Section: Effect Of Pe On Bird Growth Performance and Dietary Availablsupporting

confidence: 90%

Plant Extracts, Energy, and Immune Modulation in Broilers

Pirgozliev¹,

Mansbridge²,

Rose³

et al. 2018

Phytochemicals - Source of Antioxidants and Role in Disease Prevention

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This chapter presents information obtained from experiments involving male Ross 308 broiler chickens on the effects of a standardised combination of plant extracts (PE) including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin, on bird performance, hepatic antioxidant concentration and immunomodulation. Birds were reared under industryrecognised environments and were fed one of four diets. There were two control diets based on either wheat or maize, formulated to be iso-energetic and iso-nitrogenic. The other two diets were the control diets supplemented with 100 g per tonne of PE, respectively. Feeding PE improved dietary feed efficiency, dietary net energy and hepatic antioxidant contents of the birds, but did not change dietary metabolisable energy (ME). Overall, feeding PE reduced the mRNA transcript levels of three cytokines (IL-12B, IFN-G, and IL-6) and the marker CD 40 LG in caecal tonsils. Dietary PE may maximise the nutritional value of feed through improving gut health by reducing intestinal inflammation. Their mode of action is associated with improved dietary energy availability, immune status and hepatic antioxidant contents of the birds. However, studies that have focused solely on the effect of PE on ME alone may not have detected their full benefit to improve the efficiency of broiler meat production.

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“…The ME system undervalued the utilizable energy of fats and overestimated that of proteins in comparison with that of carbohydrates because the heat increment (HI) was not accounted for as energy loss [2]. The net energy (NE) system can accurately assess the energy requirements of animals and reflects the true energy value of feedstuffs that are used to feed animals, such as unconventional feedstuff [3,4]. As the energy requirements of humans continue to increase, and therefore, the adoption of the NE system to fully use unconventional feedstuff to alleviate this energy shortage is critical, such as food by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling net energy requirements of 2 to 3-week-old Cherry Valley ducks

Yang

Wen

et al. 2020

Asian-Australas J Anim Sci

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Objective: A total of three hundred unsexed ducks were utilized to estimate net energy requirements of maintenance (NE m) and weight gain (NE g) for 2 to 3-week-old Cherry Valley ducks and to establish a model equation to predict NE requirements using the factorial method. Methods: To determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) of the diet, fifty 7-day-old ducks at approximately equal body weights (BWs) were randomly assigned into five groups that were fed at different levels (ad libitum, 85%, 75%, 65%, and 55% of ad libitum intake), and the endogenous acid-insoluble ash as indigestible marker. The two hundred and fifty 7-day-old ducks were used for a comparative slaughter experiment. At the beginning of the experiment, ten ducks were sacrificed to determine the initial body composition and energy content. The remaining ducks were randomly assigned into five groups (same as metabolic experiment). Ducks of the ad libitum group were slaughtered at 14 and 21-dayold. At the end of the experiment, two ducks were selected from each replicate and slaughtered to determine the body composition and energy content. Results: The results of the metabolizable experiment showed AME values of 13.43 to 13.77 MJ/kg for ducks at different feed intakes. The results of the comparative slaughter experiment showed the NE m value for 2 to 3-week-old Cherry Valley ducks was 549.54 kJ/kg of BW 0.75 /d, and the NE g value was 10.41 kJ/g. The deposition efficiency values of fat (K f) and crude protein (K p) were 0.96 and 0.60, respectively, and the values of efficiency of energy utilization (K g) and maintenance efficiency (K m) were 0.75 and 0.88, respectively. Conclusion: The equation for the prediction of NE requirements for 2 to 3-week-old Cherry Valley ducks was the following: NE = 549.54 BW 0.75 +10.41 ΔW, where ΔW is the weight gain (g).

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Implications and development of a net energy system for broilers

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Partitioning of dietary energy of chickens fed maize- or wheat-based diets with and without a commercial blend of phytogenic feed additives

Partitioning of dietary energy of chickens fed maize- or wheat-based diets with and without a commercial blend of phytogenic feed additives

Plant Extracts, Energy, and Immune Modulation in Broilers

Modeling net energy requirements of 2 to 3-week-old Cherry Valley ducks

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