Implications and Significance of Mercury in Rice

Rzigalinski, Beverly A.; Benjamin, Brooke; Collins, Erin; Kaur, Gurleen; Palmieri, James R.; Brunette, Jessica; Council-Troche, McAlister; Wilson, Meghan L.; Meacham, Susan; Guthrie, T. F.

doi:10.31487/j.jfnm.2020.02.02

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…When rice is grown on Hg-contaminated land, a significant amount of Hg is enriched into the grain, which is terrible for the rice's consumers [358]. There are three different types of mercury: methylmercury (MeHg), inorganic mercury (Hg 2+ ), and elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) [359]. Hg is most bio-accumulative in the form of methylmercury MeHg.…”

Section: Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms

Sarma,

Kashtoh,

Lama Tamang

et al. 2023

Plants

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Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most significant staple foods worldwide. Carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals are just a few of the many nutrients found in domesticated rice. Ensuring high and constant rice production is vital to facilitating human food supplies, as over three billion people around the globe rely on rice as their primary source of dietary intake. However, the world’s rice production and grain quality have drastically declined in recent years due to the challenges posed by global climate change and abiotic stress-related aspects, especially drought, heat, cold, salt, submergence, and heavy metal toxicity. Rice’s reduced photosynthetic efficiency results from insufficient stomatal conductance and natural damage to thylakoids and chloroplasts brought on by abiotic stressor-induced chlorosis and leaf wilting. Abiotic stress in rice farming can also cause complications with redox homeostasis, membrane peroxidation, lower seed germination, a drop in fresh and dry weight, necrosis, and tissue damage. Frequent stomatal movements, leaf rolling, generation of reactive oxygen radicals (RORs), antioxidant enzymes, induction of stress-responsive enzymes and protein-repair mechanisms, production of osmolytes, development of ion transporters, detoxifications, etc., are recorded as potent morphological, biochemical and physiological responses of rice plants under adverse abiotic stress. To develop cultivars that can withstand multiple abiotic challenges, it is necessary to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the deterioration of rice quality under multiple abiotic stresses. The present review highlights the strategic defense mechanisms rice plants adopt to combat abiotic stressors that substantially affect the fundamental morphological, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms.

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Section: Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This MeHg-cysteine relationship acts as a mobile nutrient during seed ripening and is actively transferred to the endosperm [360]. ROS, MDA content, and lipoxygenase activity are all considerably enhanced with increasing Hg levels in rice roots, which disturbs numerous cellular processes and hinders growth and development in rice plants [359].…”

Section: Mercurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms

Sarma,

Kashtoh,

Lama Tamang

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…With regard to foods, the mean mercury intake is generally within the range of 2-20 μg/day, and its level in solid and liquid foods is 0.5 0.5 ppm; however, its average level in seafood (fish) ranges from 0.6 to 2.4 μg/day [5,6]. Also, the average safe levels of total mercury in vegetables, fruits, cereals, wheat, and rice is 0.5, 1.1, 2.8, 2.4 μg/Kg, and 3 ng/g, respectively [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Environmental and Health Adverse Effects of Mercury Released From Dental Amalgam: A Literature Review

Aftabi

Jafari

Pirzadeh-Ashraf

2021

J Adv Environ Health Res

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This paper reviews the most available data on the possible adverse effects of mercury released from amalgam that comprises 50% pure mercury, 35% silver, 12-13 % tin, 2% copper, and up to 1% zinc, indium, platinum, and palladium. Despite the possible health risks of mercury from amalgam on the nervous, respiratory, renal, and endocrine systems, it is used in some countries; however, Sweden, Denmark, Canada, the United States, and Japan have long banned the use of amalgam. Amalgam restorations are one of the main mercury-releasing sources (1800-2700 tons per year) of contamination. During chewing, grinding, brushing of teeth, breaking down of amalgam, and as the temperature of the oral environment increases, mercury vapor will be released. The mercury vapor enters the atmosphere, wastewater in dental offices, all systemic organs, especially the lower respiratory tract and can affect the renal-urinary system or enters breast milk, fetus, and finally, transmits to infants. The mercury level released from amalgam in blood, urine, hair, and nail of large populations of dentists, dental assistants, and pregnant women is higher than the safe levels. The main neurological and psychological effects of mercury vapor are sleep disorders, amnesia, mental disorders, hair loss, memory disturbances, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, kidney diseases, gene toxicity, Alzheimer’s disease, Autism, skin allergies, cancer, infertility, low birth weight, and heart diseases. In order to avoid further amalgam risks to the dentists, dental assistants, pregnant women, and wildlife ecosystem, it is suggested to replace the dental amalgam with composite resins.

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Implications and Significance of Mercury in Rice

Cited by 2 publications

References 21 publications

Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms

Abiotic Stress in Rice: Visiting the Physiological Response and Its Tolerance Mechanisms

Assessing the Environmental and Health Adverse Effects of Mercury Released From Dental Amalgam: A Literature Review

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