Implications of Altered Gastrointestinal Motility in Obesity

Gallagher, Tom K.; Geoghegan, Justin; Baird, Alan W.; Winter, Desmond C.

doi:10.1007/s11695-007-9221-0

Cited by 54 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…This well-controlled process of gastric emptying may play an important role in the regulation of satiety and may be related to the pathogenesis of obesity [11]. Abnormal gastric emptying in the obese has been previously suggested and the rate of solid gastric emptying in the obese subjects is abnormally rapid in whom gastric motility is up to now incompletely understood and no clearcut explanation for this finding yet exists because there are also papers reporting normal or even delayed gastric emptying [2,[16][17][18][19][20]. Whereas gastric emptying of liquids is mainly driven by gastric fundus tone under the control of both vagal and hormonal influences, the propulsive contractions of the antral pump are the most important mechanism controlling gastric emptying of solids [21,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This topic is controversial in the available literature because altered gastrointestinal motility in obese patients is incompletely understood. However, these alterations can be considered as potential contributing factors in the development and maintenance of obesity and changed eating behavior [2,[34][35][36][37][38][39]. However, in patients submitted to SG, a decreased release of ghrelin has been reported and, therefore, patients feel less appetite with the consequent modification in the food intake behavior [40][41][42].…”

Section: Controls 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Altered gastrointestinal motor function has been observed in obese patients but its significance is incompletely understood because there are controversial data concerning gastric emptying in obese patients. Some reports have shown rapid emptying after surgery, but also normal or even delayed emptying in these patients has been published [2]. After gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy, delayed gastric emptying was reported [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Obese Patients Submitted to Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Normal Subjects

et al. 2009

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Controls 18mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Obese Patients Submitted to Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Normal Subjects

et al. 2009

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“…The stronger reduction in food intake of casein may be attributed to its slower gastric emptying rate in comparison to whey protein (28). According to some authors (27,29), a delay in gastric emptying can favor increased satiety. However, in another study (4) there was a lower energy intake 90 minutes after the consumption of whey protein compared to casein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects

Alfenas

Bressan

Paiva

2010

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

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Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consumption of different protein sources on food intake and energy expenditure in normal weight subjects. Subjects and methods: Breakfast preparations (casein, soy protein, whey protein or control) were ingested during seven consecutive days. Appetite, food intake, and energy expenditure were assessed. Results: Casein consumption led to a lower energy intake than whey protein. There was lower energy intake on day 7 than on day 1 of the casein session. Soy protein preparations resulted in higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) than in control preparations. The respiratory quotient (RQ) obtained in the whey protein session was lower than the control and soy protein sessions. Conclusion: These results suggest that the consumption of different protein types leads to distinct effects on satiety (casein), DIT (soy protein), and/or RQ (whey protein). Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(1):45-51 Keywords Appetite; food intake; energy expenditure; soy protein; whey protein; casein RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do consumo de diferentes fontes proteicas na ingestão alimentar e gasto energético em indivíduos eutróficos. Sujeitos e métodos: Preparações (caseína, proteína da soja, proteína do soro de leite ou controle) foram ingeridas no desjejum, durante sete dias consecutivos. Resultados: A caseína resultou em menor ingestão calórica do que o soro de leite. Houve uma menor ingestão calórica no último dia da sessão da caseína em relação ao primeiro dia. Preparações contendo proteína da soja resultaram em maior termogênese induzida pela dieta (TID) em comparação às preparações controle. O cociente respiratório (CR) obtido na sessão do soro de leite foi menor que na sessão controle e da proteína da soja. Conclusão: Esses resultados sugerem que o consumo de diferentes tipos de proteínas resulta em efeitos distintos na saciedade (caseína), TID (proteína da soja) e/ou CR (proteína do soro). Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2010;54(1):45-51 Descritores Apetite; ingestão alimentar; gasto energético; proteína da soja; caseína

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“…The difference in GE in obese individuals compared with lean individuals remains equivocal in the extant literature (43) (Table 1). Several publications have reported shorter GE times for solid food in the obese population (44)(45)(46)(47) and in heavier-weight individuals (48) .…”

Section: Gastric Emptying In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Postgraduate Symposium The role of fat in gastric emptying and satiety: acute and chronic effects

Clegg

Shafat

2009

Proc. Nutr. Soc.

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Dietary fat is an important factor in the aetiology of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. It has been widely debated whether gastric emptying (GE) is altered in obesity. GE times have been reported as both longer and shorter in obese individuals compared with matched lean individuals. However, the general consensus is that GE is accelerated and satiety is lower in obesity.Research has implicated a high-fat (HF) diet in these findings. A single HF meal has a longer GE time than a low-fat meal and can even delay GE of the subsequent meal. However, an HF diet has shown different effects. Feeding a HF diet adapts gastrointestinal function to reduce GE times in comparison with a low-fat diet. Increased GE may lead to decreased satiety and faster onset of subsequent eating episodes. Further results have suggested that consuming an HF diet for 14 d increases the GE rate of HF food but not low-fat food. Consuming HF diets for 2 weeks has also been shown to increase food intake. Decreased satiation following an HF diet may cause increased food intake and a positive energy balance, potentially resulting in a gradual increase in adiposity. Recent results have suggested that gastrointestinal transit is accelerated following only 3 d on a HF diet. The variable GE times reported in obesity may be associated with interactions between the HF diet and obesity and not simply the obese state.

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Implications of Altered Gastrointestinal Motility in Obesity

Cited by 54 publications

References 63 publications

Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Obese Patients Submitted to Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Normal Subjects

Scintigraphic Evaluation of Gastric Emptying in Obese Patients Submitted to Sleeve Gastrectomy Compared to Normal Subjects

Effects of protein quality on appetite and energy metabolism in normal weight subjects

Postgraduate Symposium The role of fat in gastric emptying and satiety: acute and chronic effects

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