Implications of carbon cap-and-trade for US voluntary renewable energy markets

Bird, Lori; Holt, Edward; Carroll, Ghita Levenstein

doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.02.009

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The study concludes that the offset credits from renewable energy can be identified by fully addressing additionality, ownership of credits on emission reduction, and quantification of emission reduction. Bird et al (2008) discuss the key issues of how renewable energy markets might intervene with carbon regulation, including the implications for emissions benefits claims, voluntary market demand, and the use of RECs in co-existing markets. They also stress the importance that policymakers need to be aware of the policy interaction with new and emerging policies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When renewable portfolio standards meet cap-and-trade regulations in the electricity sector: Market interactions, profits implications, and policy redundancy

2011

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When renewable portfolio standards meet cap-and-trade regulations in the electricity sector: Market interactions, profits implications, and policy redundancy

2011

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“…As a result of restricted carbon emission allowances, generating and using renewable energy should lead to actual emission reductions, earning a valid claim to be marketed as an environmental source. If, however, renewable energy does not result in reduced allowances or if emission caps are not lowered, environmental claims cannot be genuine (Bird, Holt and Carroll, 2008).…”

Section: Defining Green Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bird, Holt and Carroll, 2008) but consumer perceptions of what comprises a renewable source are not clear (Bergmann, Hanley and Wright, 2006;Borchers, Duke and Parsons, 2007;Ashley and Leonard, 2009;Larsen, 2013). The term "green electricity" commonly refers to electricity produced by technologies that do not vent damaging emissions into the atmosphere (Paladino and Pandit, 2012) and are generated from environmentally preferable energy sources (Truffer, Markard and Wüstenhagen, 2001).…”

Section: Defining Green Electricitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining green electricity from a consumer’s perspective: A cross-market explorative input for policy makers and marketers

Larsen¹,

Gudlaugsson²

2016

TVE

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ÁgripMarkaðssetning rafmagns skiptir nú meira meira máli eftir að rafmagnsmörkuðum hefur verið skipt upp. Sér í lagi hefur áhersla á graent rafmagn aukist en það er þó svo að hugtakið er fremur óljóst í huga neytenda. Í greininni er sjónum beint að því hvaða þaettir skipta þá þátttakendur máli, sem tóku þátt í rannsókninni, við skilgreiningu á graenu rafmagni. Ennfremur er skoðað hvernig nota má skilgreininguna til að baeta árangur markaðsstarfs orkufyrirtaekja og auka skilning þeirra opinberu aðila sem koma að reglugerðum á orkumarkaði. Niðurstöður eru byggðar á rýnihópum sem voru framkvaemdir í fimm Evrópulöndum. Í greininni er komist að þeirri niðurstöðu að þótt það sé fremur flókið að skilgreina graent rafmagn út frá skynjun viðskiptavina þá eru nokkrir þaettir sem skipta lykil máli í því samhengi. Þeir eru meðal annars sjálfbaerni/ábyrgð fyrirtaekja, framleiðsla í heimabyggð, sjónraen áhrif og orkusparnaður. Skilgreiningin eru undir sterkum áhrifum frá nokkrum öðrum þáttum svo sem tortryggni, markaðssetningu, verði og þeirri staðreynd að burt séð frá því hver framleiðir rafmagnið þá er það alltaf eins þegar það berst til viðskiptavina. AbstractThe marketing of electricity is an increasingly significant issue following the liberalization of electricity markets. Substantial emphasis has been placed on green electricity, but the concept is vague to many consumers. In this paper, the focus is on defining green electricity from a consumer perspective and using the understanding gained to provide input for public energy policy and to improve the marketing activities of energy companies. The paper draws on findings from a qualitative study of focus groups that gathered consumer insights from five European countries. The authors argue that although defining green electricity from a consumer perspective is a complex process, several constructs, including sustainability/corporate social responsibility, local production, visual impact and saving energy, are key. The definition is strongly affected by other constructs, including scepticism, marketing, price, and the fact it does not matter who provides it as electricity looks the same to the consumer. IntroductionResearch on consumers' green electricity purchases has increased since countries first started to offer green electricity following the liberalization of markets in the 1990s. While some recent studies analyse viable options for companies selling green electricity and their efforts to appeal to energy consumers (Salmela and Varho, 2006;Paladino and Pandit, 2012), relatively few studies focus on the marketing function (Rowlands, Scott and Parker, 2003;Paladino and Pandit, 2012) or on understanding consumer behaviour and attitudes toward green electricity. In this paper, an attempt is made to increase understanding of consumer behaviour by outlining what they perceive green electricity to be. For practical marketing purposes the consumer's perception is important for effective communication, and for academic purposes the research fills the above mentioned a gap...

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“…The emission trading, in which buyers can purchase carbon credits derived from renewable energy to offset GHG emissions due to their activities, has evolved to be a promising way to pursue the goal of GHG reduction. Bird et al (2008) estimated that renewable energy markets were likely to benefit from carbon cap-and-trade programs because the compliance with the cap would increase the cost of fossil fuel and motivate the capped industries to use renewable energy for meeting the load growth in the future. According to the estimation by the World Bank, the carbon trading amount in 2009 has risen to 136 billion USD level.…”

Section: Conceptual Analysis Of Carbon Creditsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning of methane emission control from hoggery using an inexact two-stage optimization model

Chen

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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This study aims to develop an inexact two-stage optimization model to gather manure distributed over the southwest Taiwan and convert it into bioenergy. In the method, local optimization of each hauling zone is performed first using a gray mixed-integer programming model. Then, the hauling zones are prioritized by its performance on four gray scenarios. Although the biogas yield and the manure generation rate are ambiguous, one can easily evaluate his opportunity and risk by gray interval, which is a group of values within the lower and upper bounds. The analyses reveal that the biogas yield dominates the profit in this project, and it leads to the failure of the project when the biogas yield is below the level of 0.2 m 3 kg À1. With the goal of reducing 45% of methane emissions from pig farms, seven hauling zones are required to be developed. The farmers living in these zones from the project get carbon credits ranging from 478 to 3269 ton CO 2eq per year, and the investors own the carbon credits in the range of 3264-11820 ton CO 2eq per year. Through the carbon trading, both the investors and pig farmers are able to make profits by trading their carbon credits.Implications: Biogas recovered from hoggery can be used as a bioenergy source and mitigate the atmospheric greenhouse effect and global warming. This research develops an inexact two-stage optimization model to evaluate the potential of gathering manure for biogas and converting it into bioenergy. The analyses reveal that the biogas yield dominates the profit in this project, and it leads to the failure of the project when the biogas yield is below the level of 0.2 m 3 kg À1 . This study has provided a useful reference for the management of biogas production and carbon trading from hoggery for bioenergy.

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Implications of carbon cap-and-trade for US voluntary renewable energy markets

Cited by 28 publications

References 3 publications

When renewable portfolio standards meet cap-and-trade regulations in the electricity sector: Market interactions, profits implications, and policy redundancy

When renewable portfolio standards meet cap-and-trade regulations in the electricity sector: Market interactions, profits implications, and policy redundancy

Defining green electricity from a consumer’s perspective: A cross-market explorative input for policy makers and marketers

Planning of methane emission control from hoggery using an inexact two-stage optimization model

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