Implications of changes in household stoves and fuel use in China

Edwards, Rufus; Smith, Kirk R.; Zhang, Junfeng Jim; Ma, Yongkang

doi:10.1016/s0301-4215(02)00309-9

Cited by 136 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…However, not all the improved stoves resulted in benefits on both reducing health damaging pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions and increasing thermal efficiencies (Edwards et al, 2004). It is believed that the enhanced intense flaming conditions, higher temperature, and longer residence times in improved stoves appear to lead to higher mass fraction of EC even though the absolute EF EC and EF PM decrease in comparison with those from low-efficiency traditional cooking stoves .…”

Section: Influence Of Stoves Biofuel Pellets and Co-firingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of fine and carbonaceous particles emissions from pelletized biomass-coal blends combustion: Implications on residential crop residue utilization in China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sEmissions of PM 2.5 , OC and EC from biomass pellets were lower than bulk materials. High thermal efficient stoves reduce emissions from pelletized biofuel. Pelletized biomass and coal blends could significantly decrease emissions. a r t i c l e i n f o Bulk biofuel, biomass pellets and pelletized biomass-coal blends were combusted in a typical rural conventional household stove and a high-efficiency stove. Reductions in PM 2.5 , organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) emissions were evaluated by comparing emission factors (EFs) among 19 combinations of biofuel/residential stove types measured using a dilution sampling system. In the lowefficiency stove, the average EFs of PM 2.5 , OC, and EC of biomass pellets were 2.64 ± 1.56, 0.42 ± 0.36, and 0.30 ± 0.11 g/kg, respectively, significantly lower than those burned in bulk form. EF PM2.5 and EF OC of pelletized biomass combustion in the high-efficiency stove were lower than those of the same biofuel burned in the low-efficiency stove. Furthermore, pelletized corn residue and coal blends burned in the high-efficiency stove could significantly decrease emissions. Compared with the bulk material burned in the low-efficiency stove, the reduction rates of PM 2.5 , OC and EC from pelletized blends in the highefficiency stove can reach 84%, 96% and 93%, respectively. If the annually produced corn residues in 2010 had been blended with 10% anthracite coal powder and burnt as pellets, it would have reduced about 82% of PM 2.5 , 90e96% of OC and 81e92% of EC emission in comparison with burning raw materials in conventional household stoves. Given the low cost, high health benefit and reduction effect on atmospheric pollutants, pelletized blends could be a promising alternative to fossil fuel resources or traditional bulk biofuel.

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Section: Influence Of Stoves Biofuel Pellets and Co-firingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of fine and carbonaceous particles emissions from pelletized biomass-coal blends combustion: Implications on residential crop residue utilization in China

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmospheric Environment

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“…There is considerable scope for saving N fertilizer to restore the environment and maintain relatively high crop productivity. It was locally common practice to remove straw and burn it as a household fuel about 20 years ago, but nowadays most straw is returned to the field because of a switch of household fuel to coal or natural gas (Edwards et al, 2004). These changes provide good opportunities to enhance soil fertility, store more carbon in the soil and boost crop yields (Huang and Sun, 2006).…”

Section: Effects Of N Application and Straw Return On Grain Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double-cropping cereal rotation as affected by nitrogen and straw management

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The effects of nitrogen and straw management on global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in a winter wheat-summer maize doublecropping system on the North China Plain were investigated. We measured nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions and studied net GWP (NGWP) and GHGI by calculating the net exchange of CO 2 equivalent (CO 2 -eq) from greenhouse gas emissions, agricultural inputs and management practices, as well as changes in soil organic carbon (SOC), based on a long-term field experiment established in 2006. The field experiment includes six treatments with three fertilizer N levels (zero N (control), optimum and conventional N) and straw removal (i.e. N 0 , N opt and N con ) or return (i.e. SN 0 , SN opt and SN con ). Optimum N management (N opt , SN opt ) saved roughly half of the fertilizer N compared to conventional agricultural practice (N con , SN con ), with no significant effect on grain yields. Annual mean N 2 O emissions reached 3.90 kg N 2 O-N ha −1 in N con and SN con , and N 2 O emissions were reduced by 46.9 % by optimizing N management of N opt and SN opt . Straw return increased annual mean N 2 O emissions by 27.9 %. Annual SOC sequestration was 0.40-1.44 Mg C ha −1 yr −1 in plots with N application and/or straw return. Compared to the conventional N treatments the optimum N treatments reduced NGWP by 51 %, comprising 25 % from decreasing N 2 O emissions and 75 % from reducing N fertilizer application rates. Straw return treatments reduced NGWP by 30 % compared to no straw return because the GWP from increments of SOC offset the GWP from higher emissions of N 2 O, N fertilizer and fuel after straw return. The GHGI trends from the different nitrogen and straw management practices were similar to the NGWP. In conclusion, optimum N and straw return significantly reduced NGWP and GHGI and concomitantly achieved relatively high grain yields in this important winter wheat-summer maize double-cropping system.

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“…In fact, it is important that new technologies or policies favoring changes in rural energy use patterns should be fully evaluated with respect to all major impacts of their use, positive or negative, at the outset (Edwards et al 2004). In that perspective, the present study is a very little initiative in Bangladesh being conducted with the ICS program of NSP in Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary where the program seems to be unsuccessful.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Bangladesh, many of the ex-users of ICS were unconvinced of its advantages in southwestern rural areas (Alam et al 2006). On the other hand, China's dissemination of ICS remains the most successful such program worldwide (Edwards et al 2004). In our study area, the ICS program failed to convince the users who experienced a total of seven demerits of this stove.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass fuel use, burning technique and reasons for the denial of improved cooking stoves by Forest User Groups of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh

Chowdhury

Koike

Akther

et al. 2011

International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ec

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Use of biomass fuel in traditional cooking stove (TCS) is the long-established practice that exhibits incomplete combustion and generates substances with global warming potential (GWP). Improved cooking stove (ICS) has been developed worldwide as an alternative household fuel burning device, a climate change mitigation strategy as well. A study was conducted in the female Forest User Groups (FUGs) of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh to assess the status of ICS disseminated by the Forest Department (FD) under Nishorgo Support Project along with the community's biomass fuel consumption pattern. Consumption of wood fuel was highest (345 kg month-1 household-1) followed by agricultural residues (60 kg month-1 household-1), tree-leaves (51 kg month-1 household-1) and cow-dung (25 kg month-1 household-1). Neighboring forest of the sanctuary was revealed as the core source for wood fuel with little or no reduction in the extraction even after joining the FUG. Twenty two species, both indigenous and introduced, were found in preference for wood fuel by the community.None of the respondents were found willing to use ICS although 43% of them owned it; either as the status symbol or to meet the condition of the FD to continue membership in FUG. Seven negative features of the disseminated ICS were identified by the households that made them unwilling to use it further. Manufacturing faults may be responsible for the ICS's demerits and FD's negligence was liable to the failure of convincing the community. A proper examination of the disseminated ICS's efficacy is crucial with active involvement of the community members. The Sustainable Energy Triangle Strategy (SETS) could be implemented for this purpose. Findings of the study would be of immense importance in designing the strategy for the introduction of ICS in Bangladesh.

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Implications of changes in household stoves and fuel use in China

Cited by 136 publications

References 17 publications

Characterization of fine and carbonaceous particles emissions from pelletized biomass-coal blends combustion: Implications on residential crop residue utilization in China

Characterization of fine and carbonaceous particles emissions from pelletized biomass-coal blends combustion: Implications on residential crop residue utilization in China

Net global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in a double-cropping cereal rotation as affected by nitrogen and straw management

Biomass fuel use, burning technique and reasons for the denial of improved cooking stoves by Forest User Groups of Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh

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