Implications of cover crop planting and termination timing on rainfed maize production in semi-arid cropping systems

Rosa, Alexandre Tonon; Creech, Cody F.; Elmore, Roger W.; Rudnick, Daran R.; Lindquist, John L.; Fudolig, Miguel; Butts, Liberty; Werle, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108251

Cited by 28 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Achieving some ground cover with a cover crop is more imperative after soybean or corn silage than corn harvested for grain in no‐till systems where the corn residue offers some soil protection (Bradford & Huang, 1994; Fryrear, 1985). Winter wheat provides a different window of opportunity for cover cropping with both the opportunity to frost seed clovers or drill cover crops after wheat harvest (Amossé et al., 2013; Koehler‐Cole et al., 2016; Rosa et al., 2021) and may be a better option for growers to try cover cropping initially than planting after corn or soybean.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The stabilizing effect of cover crops on corn and soybean yield may limit decreases in yield over the next four decades because of climate change (Basche et al., 2016). However, a reduction in corn yield following a cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) cover crop has been observed at ∼6% yield loss (Martinez‐Feria et al., 2016; Pantoja et al., 2015) and as high as 20% (Rosa et al., 2021). Early in the season, cereal rye biomass can immobilize N, limiting availability to the subsequent crop (Pantoja et al., 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Early in the season, cereal rye biomass can immobilize N, limiting availability to the subsequent crop (Pantoja et al., 2015). Other explanations for yield loss in corn following a cereal rye cover crop include allelopathy, seedling diseases, and water availability (Dhima et al., 2006; Rosa et al., 2021; Sadeghpour et al., 2021). Soybean yield losses are less common following a cereal rye cover crop than corn (Pantoja et al., 2015), possibly because of the legume's ability to engage in biological nitrogen fixation by hosting rhizobia and decreased likelihood of disease cross over between soybean and cereal rye or of allelopathy affecting soybean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the corn–soybean rotation, growing winter wheat increases cover cropping opportunities because of the difference in planting and harvest times compared with corn and soybean. Drilling a cover crop in the summer after wheat harvest can result in significant cover crop growth (Rosa et al., 2021). Another approach is frost seeding into a winter wheat stand in early spring when freeze–thaw action can help draw clover ( Trifolium spp.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Winter‐hardy species, such as cereal rye or red clover ( Trifolium pretense L.), increase temporal benefits of the cover crop, but they must be terminated in the spring. Using non‐winter‐hardy cover crop species like oat ( Avena sativa L.) and berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) eliminates the need to terminate the cover crop in the spring (Rosa et al., 2021); however, many benefits of cover cropping are lost by using a non‐winter‐hardy species because there is no added spring growth (Smaranda et al., 2016). Species choice is an important consideration; in addition to winter hardiness, legume vs. grass cover crops offer different ecosystem services.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cover crops in a Wisconsin annual cropping system: Feasibility and yield effects

et al. 2022

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Corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are important components of crop rotations in southern Wisconsin. Cover crops can protect soil and water in these systems. This study examines cover crop treatments in various crop sequences of these cash crops to determine effects on crop yield. Cover crops seeded following corn or soybean included cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.), which were either drilled after harvest, broadcast into the senescing crop, or drilled in alternating rows. Species planted after wheat included red clover (Trifolium pretense L.) or berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), either frost seeded or drilled postharvest, as well as oat and rye drilled postwheat harvest in alternating rows. Broadcast seeding cereal rye preharvest into senescing soybean had the most successful establishment following corn or soybean. The system with the most consistent cover crop growth was winter-hardy species established preharvest. However, this system decreased corn yield 5.8-8.6%. All other cover crop treatments had no effect on yield, but other postcorn or soybean treatments had limited growth. The highest yield for corn was observed following soybean, while soybean had the greatest yield when all three crops were present. Wheat yields were not affected by frost seeding or by rotation. This multiyear trial confirms the expected challenges of establishing cover crops in corn-soybean rotations in southern Wisconsin, while winter wheat provided clearer opportunities for cover cropping. Cover crop research in corn-soybean systems need to address the corn yield declines caused by cover crops.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cover crops in a Wisconsin annual cropping system: Feasibility and yield effects

et al. 2022

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Carbon fluxes from a spring wheat–corn–soybean crop rotation under no‐tillage management

Liebig

Saliendra

Archer

2022

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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The increase in corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in rainfed cropping systems of the northern Great Plains (NGP) has altered the delivery of ecosystem services from agricultural land. To date, there is limited understanding about how these crops affect the carbon (C) balance of cropping systems in the region when included in a short rotation window. This study sought to quantify C balance of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–corn—soybean rotation under no‐tillage management using eddy covariance (EC) techniques. Paired field sites with the same soil type near Mandan, ND, were used for the study. Annual net ecosystem production (NEP) by crop was –34, 120, and 7 g C m–2 y–1 for spring wheat, corn, and soybean, respectively. Carbon removed in grain over the rotation was less than a third of C lost by ecosystem respiration (ER) (210 vs. 674 g C m–2 y–1). After accounting for grain C removal, net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB) was –164, –253, and –121 g m–2 y–1 for spring wheat, corn, and soybean, respectively, with a mean NECB of –179 ± 39 g C m–2 y–1 (P = .043; t test for difference from zero), implying the rotation was a net C source. Time associated with active crop growth each year was 27% for spring wheat, 41% for corn, and 28% for soybean. Management strategies that lengthen the period of biomass growth may mitigate C loss from spring wheat–corn–soybean rotations in the NGP.

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Integrating fall‐planted cereal rye cover crop with herbicides for reducing Palmer amaranth seed production in soybean under planting green conditions

Stephens,

Blanco‐Canqui,

Knezevic

et al. 2024

Agrosystems Geosci & Env

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Cover crops are usually terminated prior to planting the cash crop; however, “planting green” is an alternative approach that allows growers to plant cash crop into an actively growing, green cover crop, which is then terminated after the establishment of the cash crop. The objectives of this study were (1) to determine whether planting soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) into a standing cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop provides superior weed suppression compared to terminating cereal rye 2 weeks before soybean planting and (2) to evaluate an integrated effect of herbicide programs and cereal rye termination timing on Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) control, biomass, seed production, soybean grain yield, and benefit/cost ratio. Field experiments were conducted in southcentral Nebraska from 2020 to 2022. Preemergence (PRE) herbicide with 2 weeks after planting (WAP) termination of cereal rye provided >95% Palmer amaranth control in 2021 and varied from 88% to 98% in 2022 at 28 days after PRE. A PRE herbicide followed by (fb) late‐postemergence (LPOST) herbicide with 2 WAP termination of cereal rye controlled Palmer amaranth 85%–92% in 2021 compared with 97%–99% control 28 days after LPOST herbicide application in 2022. Palmer amaranth density was higher with 2 WBP cereal rye termination compared with 2 WAP termination regardless of the herbicide program. PRE fb LPOST herbicide programs integrated with 2 WAP termination of cereal rye reduced Palmer amaranth seed production to less than 9100 seeds plant−1 in 2021 and no seed production in 2022. In 2021, terminating cereal rye 2 WAP played an integral role in controlling and reducing the density of Palmer amaranth; however, it had noticeable impact on soybean yield compared to terminating 2 WBP. In 2022, hail and windstorm had a confounding effect on soybean stand and yield.

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Implications of cover crop planting and termination timing on rainfed maize production in semi-arid cropping systems

Cited by 28 publications

References 47 publications

Cover crops in a Wisconsin annual cropping system: Feasibility and yield effects

Cover crops in a Wisconsin annual cropping system: Feasibility and yield effects

Carbon fluxes from a spring wheat–corn–soybean crop rotation under no‐tillage management

Integrating fall‐planted cereal rye cover crop with herbicides for reducing Palmer amaranth seed production in soybean under planting green conditions

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