2015
DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2015.1048227
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Implications of external price referencing of pharmaceuticals in Middle East countries

Abstract: Our analysis revealed the importance of population size and EPR implementation on drug price levels; however, EPR results in higher pharmaceutical prices in lower-income countries compared to non-pharmaceutical services.

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Cited by 33 publications
(25 citation statements)
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“…Evidence shows that pharmaceutical companies often diversify their portfolios into regulated markets and unregulated markets [ 21 ]. In addition, greater use of prescription drugs, replacement of older, cheaper drugs with new and more expensive ones, and the ever higher prices of retail prescription drugs also contribute to increase health expenditure [ 22 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Evidence shows that pharmaceutical companies often diversify their portfolios into regulated markets and unregulated markets [ 21 ]. In addition, greater use of prescription drugs, replacement of older, cheaper drugs with new and more expensive ones, and the ever higher prices of retail prescription drugs also contribute to increase health expenditure [ 22 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the Colombian policy efforts to contain pharmaceutical expenditure by controlling prices. Numerous studies have analyzed the types of ERP and their impacts on outcomes in industrialized countries [ 18 – 21 ], but there are scant analyses of similar issues in middle income countries such as Colombia [ 22 , 23 ]. Similarly, despite its prominent application, only few studies have analyzed the impact of EPR on outcomes [ 24 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The fact that the four countries' basket (scenario 1) did not translate in substantial price decreases compared to the base case suggests that several of the countries apply a basket that appears to serve well their objectives. EPR has been criticised for failing to deliver equity since it does not consider the different income levels of the reference countries (27,53). As a solution, differential pricing -a policy in which medicine prices are set in line with the countries' economic status -has been proposed (54-57).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some studies showed that the introduction and implementation of EPR has contributed to lower medicine prices and/or savings in the public budgets (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Other research, however, pointed to the inferiority of EPR's ability as cost-containment tool compared to other pricing policies, such as valuebased pricing, or showed inconclusive results (25)(26)(27)(28).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…After reviewing the impact of policies and the reality of the pharmaceutical sector status in developing countries to the extent permitted by the reviewed studies, robust research targeting the analysis of pharmaceutical and pricing policy in the developing countries should be conducted, taking into consideration policy reform and adoption. With regard to two developing countries, Qatar and Lebanon, a single study by Kalό et al . was identified.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%