Implications of Maturity and Ultrasonic Wave Speed Measurements in Qc/Qa for Concrete

Graveen, Cole; Weiss, Jason; Olek, Jan; Nantung, Tommy

doi:10.1533/9780857093103.379

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The mixture was proportioned to resemble paving mixtures used in the State of Indiana and that used in previous research (Yang et al, 2004, Graveen et al, 2003.…”

Section: Mixture Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the graphs of tensile stress/ (tensile strength × Φ) for D/8 saw-cut are provided in Appendix D. hardened" pavement for longitudinal joints. In cases where the joints are sawed too late the stresses can rise to a level that leads to micro-cracking (40-50% of the tensile strength) that has the potential to reduce long-term durability (Weiss et al, 2003) and (Mindess, 1981). Micro-cracking caused by late saw-cutting is related to increased water absorption and may be associated with initial damage that ultimately results in the development of 'random' or 'mid-panel' visible cracks (Weiss et al, 2003).…”

Section: Computer Simulations To Investigate the Effect Of Saw-cut Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In cases where the joints are sawed too late the stresses can rise to a level that leads to micro-cracking (40-50% of the tensile strength) that has the potential to reduce long-term durability (Weiss et al, 2003) and (Mindess, 1981). Micro-cracking caused by late saw-cutting is related to increased water absorption and may be associated with initial damage that ultimately results in the development of 'random' or 'mid-panel' visible cracks (Weiss et al, 2003). While sawcutting is widely used, determining the time for saw-cutting in the field is difficult and is often based on the saw-cutting operator's experience.…”

Section: Computer Simulations To Investigate the Effect Of Saw-cut Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saw-Cutting Guidelines for Concrete Pavements: Examining the Requirements for Time and Depth of Saw-Cutting

Raoufi¹,

Their²,

Weiss³

et al. 2009

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Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration. AbstractJoints are placed in portland cement concrete pavements (PCCP) to control random cracking. These joints provide a weakened plane that enables a crack to form in a controlled manner, relieving residual stresses that develop when thermal, hygral, or hydration movements are resisted by subgrade and adjoining pavement. While the concept of creating a weakened plane through saw-cutting is straightforward, determining the time and depth of the saw-cut has proven to be complicated. The goal of this project was to reduce the risk for joint raveling and random cracking. Specifically, this project has focused on: developing a procedure for determining the appropriate saw-cutting time window for typical pavements constructed in the state of Indiana, determining the depth of the saw-cut that minimizes the risk of micro-cracking and random crack development, and developing tools and training materials for paving contractors and state inspectors that aid in implementing the findings of this study in concrete pavements.Toward this end the project was divided into three phases. The first phase of the project consisted of shadowing five pavement projects in Indiana. From these field investigations practical information was gained which was useful in developing the laboratory testing program. The second phase of this work involved in the development of the laboratory testing program. This phase in large part was involved in the development and commissioning of a new tensile wedge testing approach to determine the early age properties of concrete. Finally, finite element simulations were performed to simulate the early-age behavior of pavements constructed under a variety of saw-cutting sequences, environmental conditions. A strength reduction factor was computed based on the depth of the saw-cut. It was shown that the time of the saw-cut introduction needs to occur before the residual stress divided by the product of the strength reduction factor and tensile strength was equal to unity. It was also shown that shallower saw-cut depths were more prone to construction and material property variability. Recommendations are made to assist contractors in determining when saw-cuts are placed that can greatly improve field operations. Joints can be induced in early age concrete using several methods which include the use of hand-tools, preformed strips, and saw-cutting. While these three approaches are all valid, practical considerations for slip-form paving operations result in the nearly exclusive use of saw-cutting as the method of choice for inducing joints. Generally it is thought that three main methods of saw-cutting joints exist including conventional wetcut (water-injection) saws, conventional dry-cut saws, and the more recently developed early-entry dry-cut saws.While the concept of creating a weakened plane by saw-cutting may appear straightforward, determining the time and depth of the saw-cut has p...

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“…The mixture was proportioned to resemble paving mixtures used in the State of Indiana and that used in previous research (Yang et al, 2004, Graveen et al, 2003.…”

Section: Mixture Proportionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computer Simulations To Investigate the Effect Of Saw-cut Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computer Simulations To Investigate the Effect Of Saw-cut Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Saw-Cutting Guidelines for Concrete Pavements: Examining the Requirements for Time and Depth of Saw-Cutting

Raoufi¹,

Their²,

Weiss³

et al. 2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was illustrated that even the slight variations in mixture proportions that can occur during construction should be considered for accurate maturity predictions (Graveen, Weiss, Olek, & Nantung, 2003). Further, it was hypothesized that aggregates play a key role in flexural strength development, and after a specific degree of hydration is achieved the presence of aggregates can alter the maturity-strength gain relationship.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Antico¹,

Esmaeeli²,

Varga³

et al. 2015

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JOINT TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PROGRAMThe Joint Transportation Research Program serves as a vehicle for INDOT collaboration with higher education institutions and industry in Indiana to facilitate innovation that results in continuous improvement in the planning, design, construction, operation, management and economic efficiency of the Indiana transportation infrastructure. https://engineering.purdue.edu/JTRP/index_html Published reports of the Joint Transportation Research Program are available at: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/jtrp/ NOTICEThe contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views and policies of the Indiana Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. The report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. COPYRIGHT AbstractThe risk of cracking in a concrete pavement that is opened to traffic at early ages is related to the maximum tensile stress, I , that develops in the pavement and its relationship to the measured, age dependent, flexural strength of a beam, r f . The stress that develops in the pavement is due to several factors including traffic loading and restrained volume change caused by thermal or hygral variations. The stress that develops is also dependent on the time-dependent mechanical properties, pavement thickness, and subgrade stiffness. There is a strong incentive to open many pavements to traffic as early as possible to allow construction traffic or traffic from the traveling public to use the pavement. However, if the pavement is opened to traffic too early, cracking may occur that may compromise the service life of the pavement. The purpose of this report is two-fold: 1) to examine the current opening strength requirements for concrete pavements (typically a flexural strength from beams, r f ) and 2) to propose a criterion based on the timedependent changes of r I f  which accounts for pavement thickness and subgrade stiffness without adding unnecessary risk for premature cracking. An Accelerated Pavement Testing, APT, facility was used to test concrete pavements that are opened to traffic at an early age to provide data that can be compared with an analytical model to determine the effective r I f  based on the relevant features of the concrete pavement, the subgrade, and the traffic load. It is anticipated that this type of opening criteria can help the decision makers in two ways: 1) it can open pavement sections earlier thereby reducing construction time and 2) it may help to minimize the use of materials with overly accelerated strength gain that are suspected to be more susceptible to develop damage at early ages than materials that gain strength more slowly. Key Wordsaccelerated pavement testing, concrete pavement, cracking, early age concrete, opening criteria Distribution StatementNo restrictions. This document is available to the public through the National Technical Information Se...

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“…The objective of this study was to provide an assessment of the response of these NDT methods with regard to the presence of honeycombing and segregation in laboratory-prepared concrete samples. Such concrete defects are encountered in situations where concrete mixtures are not well proportioned and/or properly mixed and consolidated ( 5 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Testing in Quality Assurance of Concrete for Assessing Production Uniformity

Saremi

Goulias

Akhter

2022

Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation R

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods can be particularly valuable in assessing concrete quality at early ages as they are associated with reduced testing time and cost. A national study focusing on the potential use of NDT in quality assurance (QA) of concrete has recommended the adoption and/or use of such testing methods when these have low level of testing variability. Thus, objective of this study was to build on such recommendation and assess the response of specific well-developed and mature NDT methods in relation to their testing variability for detecting such production defects such as honeycombing and segregation. Recognizing the extensive knowledge and experience in assessing concrete with such methods over the years, the selected NDT methods considered were: ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV); resonant frequency analysis (RFA); and, rebound hammer. Each of these NDT methods could be used for a specific assessment within QA as identified later on within the manuscript. The results indicated that indeed UPV is able to identify the presence of such defects with acceptable accuracy and repeatability. RFA also provided acceptable testing variability and thus can be used as complementary assessment to UPV in both lab and field-cured samples. The rebound hammer, as expected, was characterized with high testing variability and thus its use could be limited to a quick and only initial forensic assessment. Overall, the use of these NDT methods in QA will provide the opportunity to test a larger portion of concrete without a significant increase in QA cost and testing time.

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Implications of Maturity and Ultrasonic Wave Speed Measurements in Qc/Qa for Concrete

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Saw-Cutting Guidelines for Concrete Pavements: Examining the Requirements for Time and Depth of Saw-Cutting

Saw-Cutting Guidelines for Concrete Pavements: Examining the Requirements for Time and Depth of Saw-Cutting

Removing Obstacles for Pavement Cost Reduction by Examining Early Age Opening Requirements: Material Properties

Non-Destructive Testing in Quality Assurance of Concrete for Assessing Production Uniformity

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