Implications of microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons for evaluating cell surface hydrophobicity 2. Adhesion mechanisms

Vandermei, Hc; Vandebeltgritter, B; Busscher, Hj

doi:10.1016/0927-7765(95)01225-8

Cited by 94 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The increase in hydrophobicity is believed to be due to the reduction in electrostatic repulsion since both spores and hexadecane are uncharged. These results reinforce the concept that the MATH assay is not solely a hydrophobicity assay but also measures the interplay of longrange van der Waals and electrostatic forces and various shortrange interactions (50). Interestingly, these data also suggest that the relative change in the hydrophobicity of spores can differ as the conformation of the outer layers changes in response to external pH.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recovery of Spores from Thermophilic Dairy Bacilli and Effects of Their Surface Characteristics on Attachment to Different Surfaces

Seale

Flint

McQuillan

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Spores from four Geobacillus spp. were isolated from a milk powder manufacturing line in New Zealand. Liquid sporulation media produced spore yields of ϳ10 7 spores ml ؊1 ; spores were purified using a two-phase system created with polyethylene glycol 4000 and 3 M phosphate buffer. The zeta potentials of the spores from the four isolates ranged from ؊10 to ؊20 mV at neutral pH, with an isoelectric point between pH 3 and 4. Through contact angle measurements, spores were found to be hydrophilic and had relative hydrophobicity values of 10 to 40%, as measured by the microbial adhesion to hexadecane assay. The most hydrophilic spore isolate with the smallest negative charge attached in the highest numbers to Thermanox and stainless steel (1 ؋ 10 4 spores cm ؊2 ), with fewer spores attaching to glass (3 ؋ 10 3 spores cm ؊2 ). However, spores produced by the other three strains attached in similar numbers (P > 0.05) to all substrata (ϳ1 ؋ 10 3 spores cm ؊2), indicating that there was no simple relationship between individual physicochemical interactions and spore adherence. Therefore, surface modifications which limit the attachment of one strain may not be effective for all stains, and control regimens need to be devised with reference to the characteristics of the particular strains of concern.The presence of spores of thermophilic bacilli are a common problem during milk powder manufacture (32). Thermophilic spores from bacteria such as Geobacillus spp. are normally present in low numbers in the raw milk (31). However, high numbers are often found in the milk powder. The source of these spores is believed to be thermophilic bacteria growing on the surfaces within the heat exchangers and evaporators (43). Biofilms are formed when spores present in the raw milk survive pasteurization, adhere to stainless steel surfaces, and germinate when and where conditions are suitable. As the biofilm matures, cells and spores can slough off and contaminate the product flowing past (13). Spore concentrations as high as 10 5 spores g Ϫ1 can occur in milk powder, resulting in it being downgraded to a lower-value product. As established biofilms are difficult to eradicate (20), prevention of the initial attachment is an alternative approach to control biofilm formation. The initial attachment of microorganisms, including spores, to surfaces is due to physicochemical interactions between their surfaces and the substratum, which are described by the extended Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek theory (53). Such forces include Lifshitz-van der Waal's, acid/base, and electrostatic interactions. An improved understanding of the interactions that impact spore attachment may help in the development of strategies to reduce spore adherence.Several studies have used electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy to examine the physical structure of the spore's surface (7,18,28). However there have been few studies of the surface chemistry of spores, and it is likely that what little information is known may not be broadly applicable acro...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Recovery of Spores from Thermophilic Dairy Bacilli and Effects of Their Surface Characteristics on Attachment to Different Surfaces

Seale

Flint

McQuillan

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…To date, the method most commonly employed to assess the hydrophobicity of protozoans is the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon approach (44). This method measures hydrophobicity indirectly and suffers from serious drawbacks (9,20,51). In addition, several studies that utilized the microbial adhesion to hydrocarbon approach report contradictory results when the approach was applied to Cryptosporidium oocysts (13,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Properties of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts and Surrogate Microspheres

Shapiro

Largier

Mazet

et al. 2009

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The physical properties that govern the waterborne transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from land to sea were evaluated and compared to the properties of carboxylated microspheres, which could serve as surrogates for T. gondii oocysts in transport and water treatment studies. The electrophoretic mobilities of T. gondii oocysts, lightly carboxylated Dragon Green microspheres, and heavily carboxylated Glacial Blue microspheres were determined in ultrapure water, artificial freshwater with and without dissolved organic carbon, artificial estuarine water, and artificial seawater. The surface wettabilities of oocysts and microspheres were determined using a water contact angle approach. Toxoplasma gondii oocysts and microspheres were negatively charged in freshwater solutions, but their charges were neutralized in estuarine water and seawater. Oocysts, Glacial Blue microspheres, and unwashed Dragon Green microspheres had low contact angles, indicating that they were hydrophilic; however, once washed, Dragon Green microspheres became markedly hydrophobic. The hydrophilic nature and negative charge of T. gondii oocysts in freshwater could facilitate widespread contamination of waterways. The loss of charge observed in saline waters may lead to flocculation and subsequent accumulation of T. gondii oocysts in locations where freshwater and marine water mix, indicating a high risk of exposure for humans and wildlife in estuarine habitats with this zoonotic pathogen. While microspheres did not have surface properties identical to those of T. gondii, similar properties shared between each microsphere type and oocysts suggest that their joint application in transport and fate studies could provide a range of transport potentials in which oocysts are likely to behave.

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“…1 (Kosh, 1986;Kemper et al, 1993 Busscher et al, 1995;van der Mei et al, 1995). By examining the influence of pH and ionic strength on HIC data, Mozes and Rouxhet (1987) …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of electrical properties on the evaluation of the surface hydrophobicity of Bacillus subtilis

Ahimou

Paquot

Jacques

et al. 2001

Journal of Microbiological Methods

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Implications of microbial adhesion to hydrocarbons for evaluating cell surface hydrophobicity 2. Adhesion mechanisms

Cited by 94 publications

References 23 publications

Recovery of Spores from Thermophilic Dairy Bacilli and Effects of Their Surface Characteristics on Attachment to Different Surfaces

Recovery of Spores from Thermophilic Dairy Bacilli and Effects of Their Surface Characteristics on Attachment to Different Surfaces

Surface Properties of Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts and Surrogate Microspheres

Influence of electrical properties on the evaluation of the surface hydrophobicity of Bacillus subtilis

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