Implications of mmWave Radiation on Human Health: State of the Art Threshold Levels

Dilli, Ravilla

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3052387

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…For each of the configurations P ign > P sus is observed. This behaviour confirms the known fact that the breakdown voltage is usually higher than the voltage necessary to maintain the plasma [47]. In general, the electric field strength required to ignite an electric discharge (which depends on the plasma source geometry) is larger than that resulting from the breakdown voltage for a given working gas [47,48].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Numerical and experimental analysis of radiation from a microwave plasma source of the TIAGO type

Nowakowska

Czylkowski

Hrycak

et al. 2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Unshielded microwave plasma sources radiate electromagnetic energy into space, which reduces the energy that can be used for plasma generation, contributes to discharge instability and is detrimental to laboratory personnel and equipment. We perform numerical analysis of radiation from a TIAGO torch, operating at 2.45 GHz, in which the plasma is generated at atmospheric pressure in the form of a flame at the tip of a metal nozzle. The analysis is carried out by solving the vector wave equation as for the antenna, with the assumption of axial symmetry and homogeneous electron density in the range of 1020–1022 m−3. We determine 2D electric field distributions inside a radiation sphere and radiation patterns for an unshielded torch and for a torch with shielding tubes with radii up to 100 mm and heights up to 200 mm. We also investigate the effect of the electron density, the tube height and radius on the reflected wave power, power absorbed in the plasma, radiated power and power entering the discharge. The results show that a tube of 25 mm radius (smaller than the cut-off radius) shields radiation very well, while the ratio of the radiated power to the entering power can achieve 85% for the unshielded torch and over 95% for a tube of 55 mm radius. In the experiment, we found that the powers required to ignite the discharge and to sustain it are about 80% greater and the plasma length is much shorter for a 55 mm radius tube than for a 25 mm radius tube, which we explain by the difference in the radiated power. The power density at a distance of 500 mm from the plasma with the entering power of 650 W depends on the direction and can exceed the permissible values several times. These results are consistent with calculations and indicate the need for appropriate shielding of the discharge.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The greater value is twice the safety limit for continuous whole-body exposure [44,45]. Exceeding this limit can be dangerous to human health [46,47].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and experimental analysis of radiation from a microwave plasma source of the TIAGO type

Nowakowska

Czylkowski

Hrycak

et al. 2021

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…However, some aspects of technology have also brought negative effects. The debate about electricity and electromagnetic waves and their effect on the biological cycle has always been ongoing, and scientists have always looked for reliable evidence about the effects of these waves (Dilli, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and negative effects of electricity on human health

Torkaman,

Momeni

2023

JBS

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The human cells are electrical units and therefore are so sensitive to the electrical fields. More recent investigation has shown that the human cells have the ability to change direction as much by as 180° in response to electrical fields, according to which, positive or negative impact of electricity on human life have been argued in a number of studies. In vitro and in in vivo studies and clinical observations have shown that natural and artificial electric/electromagnetic fields may affect negatively or positively on human health. In one hand, the positive effects of electrical fields have been reported in tissue regeneration, wound healing, cancer treatment, controlling the infection, and etc.; on the other hand, negative impact of electricity has been demonstrated on human health. It has been reported that electric/electromagnetic fields may have a significant role in cancer development. This review article aims to investigate the positive and negative impact of electric/electromagnetic fields on human health and life.

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“…The ever-increasing number of base transceivers in densely populated cities has increased concerns in societies around effects of RF radiation sources on human health [5]- [9]. To this reason, interest has become very crucial in studying the health effects resulting from direct and indirect exposure to radiation from the cellular base transceiver to mitigate these negative effects [10]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovering the spatial locations of the radio frequency radiations effects around mobile towers

Al-allaq

Dhaam

Al-Dujaili

et al. 2023

IJECE

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<span lang="EN-US">Nowadays, smart devices have become a major part of human life, and this need has led to an increase in the demand for these devices, prompting major telecommunications companies to compete with each other to acquire the bulk of this market. This competition led to a significant increase in the number of mobile towers, to expand the coverage area. Each communication tower has transmitters and receivers to connect subscribers within the mobile network and other networks. The receivers and transmitters of each mobile tower operate on radio frequency waves. These waves can cause harm to humans if the body tissues absorb the radiation resulting from these waves. Headache, discomfort, and some other diseases are among the effects resulting from the spatial proximity to the mobile towers. In this paper, a model based on geographic information systems (GIS) software is proposed for the purpose of discovering the area of exposure to radio frequency radiation. This model can assists mitigate the opportunities of exposure to these radiations, thus reducing its danger. Real data of the levels of electromagnetic pollution resulting from mobile towers were analyzed during this study and compared with international safety standards.</span>

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Implications of mmWave Radiation on Human Health: State of the Art Threshold Levels

Cited by 10 publications

References 82 publications

Numerical and experimental analysis of radiation from a microwave plasma source of the TIAGO type

Numerical and experimental analysis of radiation from a microwave plasma source of the TIAGO type

Positive and negative effects of electricity on human health

Discovering the spatial locations of the radio frequency radiations effects around mobile towers

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