Implications of Paid Family Leave for Welfare Participants

Ybarra, Marci

doi:10.1093/swr/svt033

Cited by 19 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Studies that have considered the short‐term implications of substituting PFL for TANF among low‐income single mothers, however, suggest some cause for concern. For instance, Ybarra () compared Wisconsin's TANF benefit to three state PFL program schemes and found that a majority of TANF participants who had recently given birth in Wisconsin would receive more from TANF than PFL. No studies to date have examined the relationships between cash welfare and PL and the risk of material hardship among low‐income single women following a birth, however.…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Past research highlights the potential role of PL in contributing to the economic well‐being of single mother families around a birth while reducing costs to states through reductions in TANF use (Houser & Vartanian, ). Recent research, however, suggests that even with public and private supports, these families tend to remain economically vulnerable in the period surrounding a birth (Stanczyk, ; Ybarra, ). To address these limitations the present study was designed to explore three research questions: What individual‐ and household‐level characteristics are associated with low‐income single mothers' TANF use, in the short (3 months postbirth) and longer term (1 year postbirth) and with reports of material hardship in the year following a birth? Are PL programs associated with decreases in low‐income single mothers' TANF use after controlling for TANF generosity across states? What is the relationship between PL availability and TANF generosity and the likelihood low‐income single mothers experience material hardship in the year after a birth? …”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…understanding its effectiveness for attenuating economic deprivation among the most vulnerable families-single, low-income women with infants (hereafter, low-income single mothers; Stanczyk, 2016;Ybarra, 2013). These concerns stem from mounting evidence of the long-term consequences of early deprivation for children's development (Heckman, 2006); mother and infant health (Staehelin, Bertea, & Stutz, 2007); and disparities in employer-provided PL (Phillips, 2004), work (Berger & Waldfogel, 2004), economic stability (Stanczyk, 2016), and PL use (Applebaum & Milkman, 2011;Laughlin, 2011) between low-income single mothers and more advantaged families.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Paid Leave, Welfare, and Material Hardship After a Birth

Ybarra

Stanczyk

2019

Family Relations

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Objective To examine the relationships between state‐sponsored paid leave, Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) generosity and participation, and material hardship among low‐income single women following a birth. Background Past research has examined the relationship between public assistance and paid leave after a birth, finding reductions in program enrollment. This research has not accounted for variation in program benefits across states and has largely overlooked implications for family well‐being. Method We use a sample (N = 1,174) of low‐income single women who gave birth between 1997 and 2001 from the Survey of Income and Public Program Participation and include measures of TANF generosity across states and over time that were constructed from the Welfare Rules database. A series of multivariate probit regression models are used to estimate the relationship between TANF generosity, paid leave availability, welfare participation, and material hardship while controlling for relevant individual and state‐level characteristics. Results Paid leave was associated with less TANF participation, but these reduction are related to the program's generosity. Paid leave, states' welfare work exemptions for mothers of infants, and TANF earnings eligibility limits were associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing some forms of material hardship. Conclusion Some forms of paid leave and TANF program generosity are related to reductions in TANF participation and material hardship after a birth for low‐income single women. Implications This study demonstrates that researchers should account for variation in TANF programs when considering changes in program enrollment associated with paid leave. Results suggest paid leave may help alleviate some forms of economic stress after a birth, which has implications for maternal, infant, and family well‐being.

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Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Paid Leave, Welfare, and Material Hardship After a Birth

Ybarra

Stanczyk

2019

Family Relations

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“…New mothers represent a large share of TANF entrants (Ybarra 2014). Federal TANF guidelines allow states to provide benefits to mothers during the first year after giving birth without imposing work requirements ( Table 1, second part of column 3).…”

Section: The Causal Effects Of the Ayc Exemptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2. Ybarra's (2014) analysis of 2006 administrative data from Wisconsin found that almost half of program entrants are new mothers who have infants or are at-risk of pregnancy and, thus, are not subject to work requirements. Ninety-four percent of these mothers were never married.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Timing of Exemptions From Welfare Work Requirements and Its Effects on Mothers' Work and Welfare Receipt Around Childbirth

Kim

2017

Economic Inquiry

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Ethnoracial differences in income and safety net patterns among low‐income postpartum families before and during the Great Recession

Bellisle,

Ybarra

2024

Poverty & Public Policy

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In the absence of paid family leave, postpartum low‐income unmarried women often rely on a patchwork of resources from wage earnings, public safety‐net programs, and informal familial support. The Great Recession (2007–2009) caused massive unemployment, with Black and Latine families disproportionately impacted by the economic fallout. Public safety‐net provisions attenuated economic hardship, yet it's unclear if postpartum low‐income women patched together comparable resources during the recession and if there were racially disparities in women's access to resources. Using a sample of low‐income unmarried women who gave birth between 2004 and 2011 from the Survey of Income and Public Program, we examine whether safety‐net provisions and familial support attenuated the fallout of the Great Recession by examining income patterns and safety‐net use (SNAP, WIC, and TANF) among postpartum low‐income unmarried women by ethnoracial group before and during the recession. Our findings suggest the Great Recession had a disparate negative impact on the economic well‐being of postpartum Black women, particularly through lower wage earnings. Increased SNAP income may have attenuated some, but not all, of the deleterious impact of the recession on Black women, and increased WIC participation may also have provided crucial support for addressing food insecurity among Black women. Implications for maternal and infant health and policy are discussed.

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Implications of Paid Family Leave for Welfare Participants

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

Paid Leave, Welfare, and Material Hardship After a Birth

Paid Leave, Welfare, and Material Hardship After a Birth

The Timing of Exemptions From Welfare Work Requirements and Its Effects on Mothers' Work and Welfare Receipt Around Childbirth

Ethnoracial differences in income and safety net patterns among low‐income postpartum families before and during the Great Recession

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