Implications of rate‐and‐state friction for properties of aftershock sequence: Quasi‐static inherently discrete simulations

Ziv, A.; Rubin, Allan M.

doi:10.1029/2001jb001219

Cited by 53 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Such an evolution seems to be responsible for the existence of the Omori law as illustrated by Dieterich [1994] or Ziv and Rubin [2003]. In particular, the aftershocks duration t a defined in the model of Dieterich [1994] is equal to t a = as 0 / _ t and depends on the frictional parameter a which is equal to zero in a Coulomb failure model, leading to a zero aftershocks duration [Gomberg et al, 2000a].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear and normal load perturbations on a two‐dimensional continuous fault: 1. Static triggering

2003

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[1] The influence of normal and shear stress static perturbations on a strike-slip fault is addressed on the basis of a two-dimensional continuous and quasi-dynamic model. Friction along the fault plane is described using a rate-and-state friction law with depth variable properties. Normal and shear stress perturbations result in similar effects in terms of earthquake triggering if Át À m * Ás is constant, Át and Ás being the amplitude of the shear and normal stress fluctuations, respectively, and m * being a constant which can be interpreted as the static friction coefficient on the fault in a Coulomb failure model. Therefore the Coulomb stress change ÁCFF = Át À m * Ás is a useful tool to account simultaneously for normal and shear stress variations in our model. We also show that when estimating the clock advance or clock delay of an earthquake, the simple Coulomb failure model is at first order in good agreement with our results during the first 90% of the earthquake cycle. However, it differs significantly during the last 10% due to the sharp velocity increase predicted by the rate-and-state friction law before rupture. This suggests that as long as static variations of stress are concerned, realistic fault models using rich, laboratory-based, friction laws like rate-and-state friction laws may lead to predictions fairly close to the ones made using one of the simplest failure model, i.e., the Coulomb failure model. This may explain why Coulomb stress change computations, although often based on drastic approximations, have been able in many occasions to explain earthquake triggering sequences.INDEX TERMS: 7209 Seismology: Earthquake dynamics and mechanics; 7215 Seismology: Earthquake parameters; 7260 Seismology: Theory and modeling; KEYWORDS: earthquake triggering, static triggering, Coulomb stress change, rate and state friction laws, clock advance/delay Citation: Perfettini, H., J. Schmittbuhl, and A. Cochard, Shear and normal load perturbations on a two-dimensional continuous fault: 1.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shear and normal load perturbations on a two‐dimensional continuous fault: 1. Static triggering

2003

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“…The cycle of stress accumulation and earthquake slip at each fault segment is separated into three distinct phases designated as sliding states 0, 1, and 2 that are based on more detailed models with rate-and state-dependent fault constitutive properties. Previously DIETERICH (1995) and ZIV and RUBIN (2003) employed this three-state approach to model foreshock and aftershock processes. A fault element is at state 0 if stress is below the steady-state friction, as defined by rate-and state-dependent friction.…”

Section: Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laboratory studies of earthquake nucleation processes (DIETERICH and KILGORE, 1996) and studies of earthquake nucleation with rate-and state-dependent constitutive properties (DIETERICH, 1992(DIETERICH, , 1994RUBIN and AMPUERO, 2005) indicate that nucleation processes are highly time-and stressdependent. Seismicity models that incorporate nucleation with rate-and state-dependent friction reproduce a variety of characteristics observed in seismicity data including foreshocks and aftershocks with Omori-type temporal clustering (DIETERICH, 1987(DIETERICH, , 2007GOMBERG et al, 1997GOMBERG et al, , 1998GOMBERG et al, , 2000BELARDINELLI et al, 2003;ZIV and RUBIN, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earthquake Recurrence in Simulated Fault Systems

Dieterich

Richards‐Dinger

2010

Seismogenesis and Earthquake Forecasting: The Frank Evison Volume II

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Abstract-We employ a computationally efficient fault system earthquake simulator, RSQSim, to explore effects of earthquake nucleation and fault system geometry on earthquake occurrence. The simulations incorporate rate-and state-dependent friction, high-resolution representations of fault systems, and quasi-dynamic rupture propagation. Faults are represented as continuous planar surfaces, surfaces with a random fractal roughness, and discontinuous fractally segmented faults. Simulated earthquake catalogs have up to 10 6 earthquakes that span a magnitude range from *M4.5 to M8. The seismicity has strong temporal and spatial clustering in the form of foreshocks and aftershocks and occasional large-earthquake pairs. Fault system geometry plays the primary role in establishing the characteristics of stress evolution that control earthquake recurrence statistics. Empirical density distributions of earthquake recurrence times at a specific point on a fault depend strongly on magnitude and take a variety of complex forms that change with position within the fault system. Because fault system geometry is an observable that greatly impacts recurrence statistics, we propose using fault system earthquake simulators to define the empirical probability density distributions for use in regional assessments of earthquake probabilities.

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“…At low speed, the state increases almost linearly with time, and the cell undergoes strengthening. The evolution of the shear stress on cell i is written as a sum of four terms (Ziv and Rubin [11]):…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%