Implications of rationing and the European Working Time Directive on aesthetic breast surgery: A study of trainee exposure in 2005 and 2011

Audiovisual preconditioning enhances the efficacy of an anatomical dissection course: A randomised study

“…7,8 In Europe the reduction in duty hours has substantially curtailed the operative exposure of today's surgical trainees since the introduction of the European Working Time Directive. 9,10 In the US the introduction of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education 80-h workweek has been associated with a significant reduction in operative opportunities for surgical residents. 11 As a result, the manner in which surgical training is delivered is changing.…”

Reply to Comment on “Evaluating the Impact of ACGME Resident Duty Hour Restrictions on Patient Outcomes for Bilateral Breast Reductions”

“…The concern over decreased resident involvement and exposure is not isolated to American residency programs, and other international studies have described significant reductions in operative exposure to breast surgery procedures after the passage of duty hour restrictions. 6 Resident safety and wellness are essential goals and necessary for sustaining long-term excellence, but the unintended consequences of blanket policies that may restrict training volume and surgical repetition should be carefully considered.…”