Implications of rising temperatures for gametophyte performance of two kelp species from Arctic waters

Park, Ji‐Hae; Kim, Jang K.; Kong, Jeong-Ae; Depuydt, Stephen; Brown, Murray T.; Han, Taejun

doi:10.1515/bot-2016-0103

Cited by 25 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…At 15 °C, gametogenesis of A. esculenta was extremely limited and no sporophytes developed up to 64 days of cultivation. These results are consistent with a study on A. esculenta from Kongsfjorden performed by Park et al (2017) who showed that more sporophytes were produced at 5 °C than at 10 °C and no sporophytes developed at 15 °C in 24 days of cultivation. Not only was sporophyte development faster in our study, but sporophyte growth of A. esculenta was also 2-3 times higher than growth of L. digitata at 4° and 10 °C.…”

Section: Temperature Effects On Different Ontogenetic Processes Of Asupporting

confidence: 93%

Temperature mediates the outcome of species interactions in early life-history stages of two sympatric kelp species

et al. 2019

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Ocean warming can mediate species interactions and provoke changes in community structure worldwide. Species interactions vary along environmental gradients and life-history stages and increasing temperatures may change competitive dominance between species. Kelps, being marine foundation species, have a complex heteromorphic life cycle, with the early developmental stages being a bottleneck for successful establishment of the adult population. Here, we investigated how temperature influences interactions in early life-history stages of two kelp species with different thermal affinities (Alaria esculenta and Laminaria digitata from Spitsbergen) by cultivating them in mono-and co-culture and different temperatures. Irrespectively of cultivation treatment, spore germination, gametogenesis, and sporophyte development of both species were mostly positively stimulated by a temperature increase from mean ambient summer temperatures (4-5 °C) to a global warming scenario for the Arctic future (9-10 °C) but not at 15 °C which is the southern temperature limit of A. esculenta. At 15 °C gametogenesis and sporophyte formation of A. esculenta were greatly inhibited in monoculture but not so in L. digitata. On the other hand at 5 °C and 10 °C, gametogenesis and sporophyte growth were generally faster in A. esculenta than in L. digitata, leading to a competitive advantage of A. esculenta over L. digitata in the co-cultivation treatments. The interactive effects of co-cultivation and temperature were evident, where development of A. esculenta was accelerated in the presence of L. digitata at 9 °C but not at 4 °C. Although the mechanisms triggering interspecific interactions were not determined in this study, future global warming was found to give competitive advantage of A. esculenta over L. digitata, which could affect community structure and dominance in coastal environments. Communicated by M. Roleda. Reviewed by S. B. Traiger and undisclosed experts.

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Section: Temperature Effects On Different Ontogenetic Processes Of Asupporting

confidence: 93%

Temperature mediates the outcome of species interactions in early life-history stages of two sympatric kelp species

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, the over-represented GO term "generation of precursor metabolites and energy" suggest that female gametophyte cells are actively investing in cell growth and energy production. This is consistent with observational microscopy studies, as female gametophyte cells tend to grow in size while male gametophyte cells tend to grow in number (Lüning, 1980;Destombe and Oppliger, 2011;Park et al, 2017). This investment in cell growth might be advantageous for later sporophyte growth as larger female gametophyte cells will release bigger eggs that tend to generate larger sporophytes (Bell, 1997).…”

Section: Sex-biased Gene Expression Underlies Gender-specific Metabolsupporting

confidence: 82%

Temperature Modulates Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Gametophytes of the Kelp Saccharina latissima

et al. 2019

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Saccharina latissima is an economically and ecologically relevant kelp species in Europe and North America. In kelps, the sexuality is expressed during the haploid life stage and the microscopic gametophytes exhibit significant sexual dimorphism. To understand the sex-dependent impact of temperature on the gametophyte stage, we analyzed for the first time, gene expression profiles of male and female gametophytes at three different temperatures (4, 12, and 20 • C) characteristic for the species distribution range by using RNA-sequencing. We identified several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sexes; while female biased genes were enriched in general metabolism and energy production, male biased genes function within cell cycle and signaling. In our study, temperature modulated sex-biased gene expression, with only a small percentage of DEGs consistently male (7%) or female-biased (12%) at the three temperatures. Female gametophytes responded stronger to higher temperatures than males, suggesting that males are more heat tolerant. Differences between S. latissima and other brown algal gender-dependent gene expression might mirror the different evolutionary and ecological contexts. Genomic information on kelp gametophyte is still scarce and thus this study adds to our knowledge on sex differences in abiotic stress responses in macroalgae at the transcriptomic level.

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“…The temperature range for kelp gametophyte growth and reproduction is species-specific and the width ranges between 5 and 19˚C within the genera Laminaria and Saccharina [25]. In general, seawater temperatures above the broad temperature optimum impair the vegetative growth of gametophytes and their fertilisation success (e.g., [29,46]). The upper lethal temperature limits after long-term exposure to static temperatures (2 wks exposure) are well known for several selected strains of Atlantic Laminaria species [27,47,48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal traits for reproduction and recruitment differ between Arctic and Atlantic kelp Laminaria digitata

et al. 2020

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The plasticity of different kelp populations to heat stress has seldom been investigated excluding environmental effects due to thermal histories, by raising a generation under common garden conditions. Comparisons of populations in the absence of environmental effects allow unbiased quantification of the meta-population adaptive potential and resolution of population-specific differentiation. Following this approach, we tested the hypothesis that genetically distinct arctic and temperate kelp exhibit different thermal phenotypes, by comparing the capacity of their microscopic life stages to recover from elevated temperatures. Gametophytes of Laminaria digitata (Arctic and North Sea) grown at 15˚C for 3 years were subjected to common garden conditions with static or dynamic (i.e., gradual) thermal treatments ranging between 15 and 25˚C and also to darkness. Gametophyte growth and survival during thermal stress conditions, and subsequent sporophyte recruitment at two recovery temperatures (5 and 15˚C), were investigated. Population-specific responses were apparent; North Sea gametophytes exhibited higher growth rates and greater sporophyte recruitment than those from the Arctic when recovering from high temperatures, revealing differential thermal adaptation. All gametophytes performed poorly after recovery from a static 8-day exposure at 22.5˚C compared to the response under a dynamic thermal treatment with a peak temperature of 25˚C, demonstrating the importance of gradual warming and/or acclimation time in modifying thermal limits. Recovery temperature markedly affected the capacity of gametophytes to reproduce following high temperatures, regardless of the population. Recovery at 5˚C resulted in higher sporophyte production following a 15˚C and 20˚C static exposure, whereas recovery at 15˚C was better for gametophyte exposures to static 22.5˚C or dynamic heat stress to 25˚C. The subtle performance differences between populations originating from sites with contrasting local in situ temperatures support our hypothesis that their thermal plasticity has diverged over evolutionary time scales.

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Implications of rising temperatures for gametophyte performance of two kelp species from Arctic waters

Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the temperature effects on photosynthesis, growth and reproduction in gametophytes of

Cited by 25 publications

References 40 publications

Temperature mediates the outcome of species interactions in early life-history stages of two sympatric kelp species

Temperature mediates the outcome of species interactions in early life-history stages of two sympatric kelp species

Temperature Modulates Sex-Biased Gene Expression in the Gametophytes of the Kelp Saccharina latissima

Thermal traits for reproduction and recruitment differ between Arctic and Atlantic kelp Laminaria digitata

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