Implications of Sewage Discharge on Freshwater Ecosystems

Bhat, Sami Ullah; Qayoom, Umara

doi:10.5772/intechopen.100770

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The rate of photosynthesis by the algae and other plant life increases, making it faster to die. Bacteria will then decompose and need oxygen, resulting in a higher demand for oxygen in the area [20]. Rising temperatures can cause an increase in the number of microscopic organisms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Water Quality and Toxicity: An Analysis of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in the Parañaque River

Atienza,

Padilla,

Santos

2024

E3S Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rivers provide vital environmental functions, including transportation, irrigation, water supply, flood control, and habitat for aquatic life. Water contamination, resulting in poor water quality, is a pressing issue affecting communities’ health, safety, and environment worldwide, leading to health issues. This research study aimed to monitor the water quality of the Parañaque River and the potential toxicity of heavy metal concentrations, specifically Cadmium and Lead, from September to October 2022. Surface water samples were taken to assess the heavy metals’ concentration levels and water quality parameters: color, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS). The collection of water samples followed the standard method for surface water sampling listed in the Water Quality Monitoring Manual Volume 1 of Department of Environment and Natural Resources – Environmental Management Bureau (DENR-EMB). The collected data were compared using descriptive statistics to the established water quality standards of DENR Administrative Order No. 2016-08. The analyses used a significance level of 0.05 or 5%. ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis were used to compare the sampling locations that showed no significant difference in the water quality of the three sampling sites at Parañaque River. Paired T-Test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test were used to compare the difference in the time of water sampling. The results showed a significant difference for all parameters between morning and afternoon sampling except DO, TSS, and TDS. The Parañaque River’s water quality, heavily polluted with domestic and industrial waste, bacteria, and other microorganisms, failed to meet DENR’s standards for Class C water, thus indicating its poor condition.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Water Quality and Toxicity: An Analysis of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in the Parañaque River

Atienza,

Padilla,

Santos

2024

E3S Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Almost 58% of the liquid waste from urban areas and 81% from industries are discharged into waste bodies. These activities resulted in extensive damage to the aquatic ecosystem by killing several aquatic species and affecting the structure of aquatic biota [137]. Sewage mixing into the aquatic environment will result in the depletion of dissolved oxygen, and its level in the water will become less than 5 mg/L.…”

Section: Imbalance In Aquatic Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Status, Effects, Prevention, and Remediation of Groundwater Contamination for Sustainable Environment

Ravindiran,

Rajamanickam,

Sivarethinamohan

et al. 2023

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Most water systems that support ecosystems and feed humans are depleted or stressed. Aquifer characteristics, topography, subsurface activities, climate, and geochemical processes regulate groundwater availability, a reliable source of fresh water. Globally, agriculture, industries, and the domestic sector are the three major sectors that consume vast quantities of freshwater resources. Further anthropogenic activities, such as soil leaching, acid rain, fertilizer, pesticides, mining, and other industrial activities, resulted in the release of organic and inorganic pollutants that affected global water resources. In India, groundwater is used in huge quantities, resulting in groundwater depletion of 1 to 2 m a year. Low-income countries face many issues related to water pollution, and the availability of safe water is minimal. In 2019, deaths due to unsafe sanitation accounted for 2.2% of the total global deaths, amounting to 1.2 million people’s deaths. India recorded 6.6% of deaths due to unsafe sanitation in 2019. India and China accounted for around 90.41% and 60.4% of the groundwater utilization for agricultural purposes, respectively. In 2020, China and India utilized vast quantities of nutrients (nitrate and phosphate) for crop growth to enhance crop yield, resulting in the highest nitrate and phosphate concentrations in groundwater. Remediating contaminants from different sources requires knowledge of their concentration, behavior, cycling, and degradation pathways. According to safety guidelines, limiting and optimizing crop organic and inorganic fertilizer, pesticide waste disposal, and empty container disposal can reduce groundwater contamination. The present study summarized groundwater utilization in various sectors, potential sources of groundwater contamination impacts on human health and the environment, preventive measures, and mitigation methods to overcome groundwater pollution.

show abstract

“…In modern irrigation systems, the design emphasis is made on systems that suppress or limit weed growth in-field (Bhat and Qayoom, 2022). Wastewater contains substantial amounts of nutrients that can easily aid the growth of weeds and support the activities of autotrophs.…”

Section: Weed Infestationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical attributes and considerations for selecting irrigation systems for wastewater

Patricia Amankwah-Yeboah,

Yeboah,

Osei

et al. 2023

JGhIE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With increasing global population, the gap between the supply and demand for water is widening and poses a threat to human existence. In the face of water scarcity, urban wastewater is increasing in its attention as an alternate water source for crop production. However, several challenges such as toxicity hazards, salinity build-up and health concerns have been identified with the use of wastewater in agriculture. There are several technological solutions that can help ameliorate or lower the level of contamination associated with using wastewater for irrigation. This paper explores the use of some irrigation technologies to abate the toxicity and health concerns associated with wastewater irrigation. The paper identifies some decision parameters for the selection of identified irrigation technologies and subjects them to multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to rank them based on the level of exposure of the crop and irrigator/field worker to contamination among other relevant criteria. This paper validates that limiting the contact of the wastewater with the edible parts of the crop, especially for leafy vegetables, can minimize contamination to the crop and field workers. Though not totally without constraints, the identified irrigation methods present prospects for a cleaner and more sustainable production with regard to wastewater usage in agriculture. Sub-surface drip irrigation systems were identified as the best irrigation system for filtered and treated wastewater followed by surface drip and pitcher irrigation. Irrigators can fall back on some of these identified methods for wastewater application for sustainable crop production and maximized food safety.

show abstract

Implications of Sewage Discharge on Freshwater Ecosystems

Cited by 22 publications

References 51 publications

Exploring Water Quality and Toxicity: An Analysis of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in the Parañaque River

Exploring Water Quality and Toxicity: An Analysis of Cadmium and Lead Concentration in the Parañaque River

A Review of the Status, Effects, Prevention, and Remediation of Groundwater Contamination for Sustainable Environment

Critical attributes and considerations for selecting irrigation systems for wastewater

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About