Implications of the College Expansion Policy for Social Stratification

Yeung, Wei-Jun Jean

doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199990313.003.0013

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…For education, we use the 1% sample data of the 2010 China Census for the age–sex-specific distribution of education in 2010, which is measured by five levels, ‘no schooling,” “primary school,” “junior middle school,” “senior middle school,” and “college and above.” For the future trends of education, we firstly assume that the college education ratio of cohorts aged from 20 to 29 will gradually increase to 58% by the year of 2050 in urban China for both genders. Such targeted prevalence in the tertiary education enrollment is similar to the levels for OECD countries in the early 2000s (World Bank 2015 ) and also matched the expectation in the literatures (see Yeung 2013 ). Then we could determine the distribution of education for the two age groups—20–24 and 25–29, at every 5-year interval from 2010 to 2050.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…It is crucial to note the large gap in gains by gender. As female college enrollment has surpassed that for males since 2009 (Yeung 2013 ), increasing age of retirement for females will generate a significantly larger benefit to the workforce when this cohorts of females start to enter retirement age.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With population aging, the shortage of labor supply is expected to increase wage and hurt the nation’s global competitiveness, hence increase the risk for China to fall into the “middle-income trap.” As a counter measure, China has substantially expanded its education enrollment since the 1990s, increasing the college enrollment by sevenfolds since 1999, in order to improve the quality of its labor force. The increase has been particularly fast for females, with the female gross tertiary education enrollment surpassed that for males since 2009 (Yeung 2013 ). The national expenditure on human resources has also increased significantly at the same time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age of Retirement and Human Capital in an Aging China, 2015–2050

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As China continues to age rapidly, whether the country should adjust the official retirement age, and if so, when and how, are currently major policy concerns. We examine the impact of postponing the retirement age on the human capital of China in the next four decades. Two critical aspects of human capitalhealth and education-are incorporated to account for the quality of the work force. Our projections reveal the impact of nine scenarios on the Chinese labor force in the next few decades, highlighting the changes in ''the high human capital workforce''-those with good health and education. We show substantial impact with added work force ranging from 28 to 92 million per year depending on which scenarios are implemented. Furthermore, the retained workers are increasingly better educated. The gain in female workers is particularly significant, reaping the benefits of the education expansion since the 1990s.Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10680-018-9467-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age of Retirement and Human Capital in an Aging China, 2015–2050

et al. 2018

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“…Chinese women's college enrollment surpassed that of males in recent years (Yeung, 2013). However, gains in education do not directly translate to gains in the labor market.…”

Section: Gender and Education Dynamics In Chinamentioning

confidence: 97%

Heterogeneity in Contemporary Chinese Marriage

Yeung

2014

Journal of Family Issues

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Is universal and early marriage still true in China after decades of dramatic socioeconomic changes? Based on the 2005 Population Survey data, we find that by age 35 to 39 years, almost all women are married, and less than 5% of men remain single with the singulate mean age at marriage (SMAM) in the country at 25.7 and 23.5 for men and women, respectively. There are notable regional variations in marriage prevalence and timing across China, likely due to economic development, migration, and cultural norms particularly for ethnic minorities. Those who live in the East and in urban areas tend to enter marriage later. Universal and early marriage is particularly true for women with no education and least so for men with no education. College education delays marriage for both men and women, but most of them eventually marry. We discuss the implications of findings for highly educated women and poorly educated men.

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“…Moreover, Chinese women's college enrollment has surpassed men's enrollment as the gender gap in tertiary enrollment decreases in this region. In 2012, the ratio of female to male college enrollment was 90% in Japan and 75% in Korea (World Bank, ; Yeung, ).…”

Section: Marriage Patterns In East Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Asian Families at the Crossroads: A Meeting of East, West, Tradition, Modernity, and Gender

2015

J of Marriage and Family

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East Asian societies have undergone major changes in the past few decades, including substantial declines in marriage and fertility. This article introduces the special section of Asian Families in Context by sketching commonalities and variations in patterns of marriage and family behavior in this region. A discussion of relevant theoretical frameworks from the Western literature follows. The final section briefly introduces the 6 empirical studies that comprise this section and discusses their relevance for developing and refining theory relevant to understanding family change in East Asia.

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Implications of the College Expansion Policy for Social Stratification

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Age of Retirement and Human Capital in an Aging China, 2015–2050

Age of Retirement and Human Capital in an Aging China, 2015–2050

Heterogeneity in Contemporary Chinese Marriage

Asian Families at the Crossroads: A Meeting of East, West, Tradition, Modernity, and Gender

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