Implications of the evolution pattern of human T-cell leukemia retroviruses on their pathogenic virulence (Review)

Azran, Inbal; Schavinsky-Khrapunsky, Yana; Priel, Esther; Huleihel, Mahmoud; Aboud, Mordechai

doi:10.3892/ijmm.14.5.909

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…As the deltaretroviruses are closely associated to the cell, their transmission mode are generally enclosed in familiar clusters, being transmitted by sexual intercourse, usually from man to woman and during breast-feeding, from mother to lactating children [24,25]. Their low mutation rate also confer them the maintenance of low pathogenicity behavior or depending on the type, their apathogenic role, therefore they are very successfully horizontally transmitted throughout generations [26,27]. Nevertheless, the human cultural development accompanied by population growth which consequently moved huge mass of people to more developed towns adding high levels of demographic density imposing exaggerated levels of stress and besides these factors, the advances in preventive and curative medicine have selected all kind of microorganisms by the survival of their human hosts.…”

Section: Human Deltaretroviruses Evolution and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Evolution Possibly Explained by Primate Deltaretrovirus Geographical Segregation

Kanzaki

Casseb²

2008

Retrovirology: Research and Treatment

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The primate T cell lymphotropic virus group comprises pathogenic and apathogenic agents found in human and simian hosts. Up to date, three types of the simian T cell lymphotropic virus/STLV and four types of the human T cell lymphotropic virus/HTLV have been isolated and characterized from non human primates and from human hosts respectively. We have not found evidences of STLV-1 infection among new world monkeys and besides fi ndings of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infection among brazilian mixed ethnic populations and Amerindians respectively, some unresolved HTLV indeterminate-Western blot results prevailed among human groups of different ethnic background. Based on recent serologic detection, isolation and characterization of HTLV-3 and HTLV-4 among African populations in central Africa and additional unrefutable evidences of early human migration from Africa and Australia to the American continent previously of Asiatic population migration lead us to hypothesize that human descendents of mixed Amerinds and Africans or remaining Africans explain the very frequent presence of Western blot-indeterminate results for HTLV-1/2 that we and other groups have been detecting and also the unusual absence of HTLV-2 infection among some relatively homogeneous ethnic native human populations in the American continent.

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Section: Human Deltaretroviruses Evolution and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Evolution Possibly Explained by Primate Deltaretrovirus Geographical Segregation

Kanzaki

Casseb²

2008

Retrovirology: Research and Treatment

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“…It is estimated that there are 15–20 million carriers of the virus worldwide 2. HTLV‐2 is a related retrovirus, with 65–70% genomic sequence identity, which is endemic in Amerindian tribes and pygmies 4, 5. In other parts of the world, HTLV‐1 is mainly detected in immigrants from endemic areas, although HTLV‐1 and particularly HTLV‐2 are found in intravenous drug abusers 2.…”

Section: Human T‐cell Leukaemia Virus Typementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other parts of the world, HTLV‐1 is mainly detected in immigrants from endemic areas, although HTLV‐1 and particularly HTLV‐2 are found in intravenous drug abusers 2. HTLV‐1 is thought to have arisen as a result of multiple interspecies transmissions from simians to humans, whereas HTLV‐2 viruses appear to have originated from a common ancestor resulting from a single simian to human transmission 4. Recently, viral sequences from a further two human viruses have been identified in Africa and designated HTLV‐3 and HTLV‐4; HTLV‐3 is closely related to STLV‐3, whereas no simian counterpart of HTLV‐4 has been identified as yet 6, 7.…”

Section: Human T‐cell Leukaemia Virus Typementioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses and lymphoma/leukaemia

Jarrett

2005

The Journal of Pathology

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Viruses of the retrovirus and herpesvirus families are aetiological agents of human leukaemias and lymphomas. The human T-cell leukaemia virus type 1 causes adult T-cell leukaemia and the Epstein-Barr virus is associated with Burkitt's lymphoma, lymphomas in immunosuppressed people, and Hodgkin lymphoma. The discovery of human herpesvirus type 8 has led to the identification of a rare and unusual group of virus-associated lymphoproliferative diseases. Individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus are at greatly increased risk of developing lymphoma but here the mechanism of lymphomagenesis is indirect. Recent data suggest that hepatitis C virus infection is also associated with an increased incidence of lymphoma, whereas data relating to SV40 remain controversial.

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“…42 Human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1), originally identified as the causative agent of the aggressive malignancy adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) 43 and the neurological progressive inflammatory syndrome, called tropical spastic paraparesis or HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM), 44 was later etiologically implicated with a wide range of additional severe clinical disorders. 45 Although the pathogenic mechanism of HTLV-1 is not completely clear, 33 it is believed that most of HTLV-1 pathogenic activities are due mainly to the multi-functionality of its Tax protein, 46,47 which is an oncoprotein, most of whose activities are diametrically opposing to those of BRCA1. For example, through its ability to functionally inactivate p53, 48 Tax may potentially repress the p53-dependent BRCA1 transcriptional activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential effects of HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein on the different estrogen-induced-ER α-mediated transcriptional activities

et al. 2016

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The activated estrogen (E2) receptor α (ERα) is a potent transcription factor that is involved in the activation of various genes by 2 different pathways; a classical and non-classical. In classical pathway, ERα binds directly to E2-responsive elements (EREs) located in the appropriate genes promoters and stimulates their transcription. However, in non-classical pathway, the ERα can indirectly bind with promoters and enhance their activity. For instance, ERα activates BRCA1 expression by interacting with jun/fos complex bound to the AP-1 site in BRCA1 promoter. Interference with the expression and/or functions of BRCA1, leads to high risk of breast or/and ovarian cancer. HTLV-1Tax was found to strongly inhibit BRCA1 expression by preventing the binding of E2-ERα complex to BRCA1 promoter. Here we examined Tax effect on ERα induced activation of genes by the classical pathway by testing its influence on E2-induced expression of ERE promoter-driven luciferase reporter (ERE-Luc). Our findings showed that E2 profoundly stimulated this reporter expression and that HTLV-1Tax significantly induced this stimulation. This result is highly interesting because in our previous study Tax was found to strongly block the E2-ERα-mediated activation of BRCA1 expression. ERα was found to produce a big complex by recruiting various cofactors in the nucleus before binding to the ERE region. We also found that only part of the reqruited cofactors are required for the transcriptional activity of ERα complex. Chip assay revealed that the binding of Tax to the ERα complex, did not interfere with its link to ERE region.

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Implications of the evolution pattern of human T-cell leukemia retroviruses on their pathogenic virulence (Review)

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Evolution Possibly Explained by Primate Deltaretrovirus Geographical Segregation

Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Evolution Possibly Explained by Primate Deltaretrovirus Geographical Segregation

Viruses and lymphoma/leukaemia

Differential effects of HTLV-1 Tax oncoprotein on the different estrogen-induced-ER α-mediated transcriptional activities

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